Claudio Castelnovo

TL;DR: This work proposes that magnetic monopoles emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles, which would account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrated the presence of magnetic monopoles in the spin ice dysprosium titanate (Dy2Ti2O7) by diffuse neutron scattering, which is achieved by applying a symmetry-breaking magnetic field with which they can manipulate the density and orientation of the strings.

TL;DR: The spin ice compounds Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti 2O7 are highly unusual magnets that epitomize a set of concepts of modern condensed matter physics: their low-energy physics exhibits an emergent gauge field and their excitations are magnetic monopoles that arise from the fractionalization of the microscopic magnetic spin degrees of freedom as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the von Neumann and topological entropies of the toric code were calculated as a function of system size and temperature. And they were shown to drop to half its zero-temperature value for any infinitesimal temperature in the thermodynamic limit.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the topological order in a toric code in three dimensions or a $3+1\text{D}$ ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ gauge theory at finite temperature and showed that it drops, for any infinitesimal temperature, to half its value at zero temperature.