Temperatures and the growth and development of wheat: a review

A crop phenology detection method using time-series MODIS data

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the various aspects of radiation use efficiency (RUE). Topics that are covered include theoretical analyses, experimental determination and measures, and sources of variability. Crop growth rate (dm/dt) could be readily estimated from successive harvests through the growing season. The studies that examined theoretically the nature of RUE will be reviewed. These theoretical studies help to give a background and framework for evaluating potential sources of variation in experimental measures of RUE. Specifically, theoretical studies help to identify variations in the environment and crops that might influence RUE. The various experimental measures of RUE are also discussed. RUE was calculated based on differing leaf photosynthetic rates of various crop species and varying levels of solar radiation. The chapter compares RUE reported for various species and experiments. The focus is particularly on data collected under optimum, usually control conditions, to compare observations on potential RUE from each study. The collection of a baseline of potential RUE data could serve as a useful reference in developing a realistic perspective on the upper limits of RUE that might be reasonably expected for individual crop species.

Radiation Use Efficiency

STICS (Simulateur mulTJdiscplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) is a crop model constructed as a simula- tion tool capable of working under agricultural conditions. Outputs comprise the production (amount and quality) and the environment. Inputs take into account the climate, the soi1 and the cropping system. STICS is presented as a model exhibiting the following qualities: robustness, an easy access to inputs and an uncomplicated f~~ture evolution thanks to a modular (easy adaptation to various types of plant) nature and generic. However, STICS is not an entirely new model since most parts use classic formalisms or stem from existing models. The main simulated processes are the growth, the development of the crop and the water and nitrogenous balance of the soil-crop system. The seven modules of STICS - development, shoot growth, yield components, root growth, water balance, thermal environment and nitrogen balance - are presented in tum with a discussion about the theoretical choices in comparison to other models. These choices should render the model capable of exhibiting the announced qualities in classic environmental contexts. However, because some processes (e.g. ammoniac volatilization, clrought resistance, etc.) are not taken into account, the use of STICS is presently limited to several cropping systems. (O InraIElsevier, Paris.) crop modelling / wheat / corn / water balance / nitrogen balance

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STICS : a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I. Theory, and parameterization applied to wheat and corn

http://directory.umm.ac.id/Data%20Elmu/jurnal/A/Agriculture,%20Ecosystems%20and%20Environment/Vol82.Issue1-3.Dec2000/1642.pdf

Temperature variability and the yield of annual crops

A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand

Prediction of leaf appearance in wheat: a question of temperature

Drought effects on biomass production and radiation-use efficiency in barley

Model analysis of temperature and solar radiation limitations to maize potential productivity in a cool climate

The responses of sweet corn biomass and yield to timing and severity of water deficit were determined in an experiment using a mobile rainshelter. Six irrigation treatments were applied such that plots experienced: (1) no water deficit; (2) full water deficit; (3) moderate pre-silking deficit; (4) severe pre-silking deficit; (5) moderate post-silking deficit; or (6) severe post-silking deficit. Drought was quantified using the concept of potential soil moisture deficit, which was calculated from climatic data. Potential soil moisture deficit can be related simply to a wide range of plant performance variables, making it possible to compare the relative importance of variables in determining the overall response of the crop to drought. For all treatments, yield was related strongly to biomass, especially that accumulated after silking. Biomass, in turn, was reduced by water deficit, mainly because of reduced radiation use efficiency, but also because of reduced total radiation interception, particularly in early deficit treatments. Both water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency increased with water deficit, even though soil evaporation as a proportion of total water use also increased with deficit. There was no stage of crop development at which yield was particularly sensitive to water deficit, although yield components changed with timing of deficit. Importantly, measures of potential soil moisture deficit integrated the effects of timing and severity of drought, making it possible to simply and mechanistically account for the effects of water deficit on biomass and particularly yield.

D.R. Wilson

Papers

A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand

Prediction of leaf appearance in wheat: a question of temperature

Drought effects on biomass production and radiation-use efficiency in barley

Model analysis of temperature and solar radiation limitations to maize potential productivity in a cool climate

Water deficit effects on sweet corn. I. Water use, radiation use efficiency, growth, and yield