Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aube rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.

Organic Azides: An Exploding Diversity of a Unique Class of Compounds

http://chemistry-chemists.com/chemister/Warning/Explosives/ExplosiveAbstacts/review-energetic-materials.pdf

A review of energetic materials synthesis

2.1.5. Electrophilic Attack on CdC 3994 2.1.6. NH Insertions in Diazo Compounds 3994 2.1.7. Pd Catalyzed Cyclizations 3994 2.2. Cyclizations by C-C Bond formation 3995 2.2.1. Nucleophilic Displacement of Halides 3995 2.2.2. Cyclizations Involving CdO Group 3995 2.3. Cycloadditions 3996 2.4. Ring Rearrangements 3997 2.4.1. Rearrangements of Four-Membered Rings 3997 2.4.2. Rearrangements of Larger Rings 3998 2.5. Reduction of Azetidin-2-ones 3998 2.6. Miscellaneous Syntheses 3999 2.7. Important Classes of Compounds 4000 2.7.1. Natural Products 4000 2.7.2. Azetidine Carboxylic Acids 4001 2.7.3. Exomethylene Azetidines 4002 2.7.4. Ligands for Metal-Catalyzed Reactions and Chiral Auxiliaries 4003

Novel syntheses of azetidines and azetidinones.

▪ Abstract Energetic materials are chemical compounds or mixtures that store significant quantities of energy. In this review, we explore recent approaches to property prediction and new material synthesis. We show how the successful design of new energetic materials with tailored properties is becoming a practical reality.

Design and Synthesis of Energetic Materials1

Seit der Entdeckung der organischen Azide vor uber einhundertvierzig Jahren durch Peter Gries wurde eine Reihe von Synthesen fur diese energiereichen Molekule entwickelt. In letzter Zeit haben sich vollig neue Perspektiven durch Anwendungen in der Peptidchemie, der kombinatorischen Chemie und der Heterocyclensynthese ergeben. Auf dem interdisziplinaren Gebiet zwischen Chemie, Biologie, Medizin und Materialwissenschaften nehmen organische Azide inzwischen einen wichtigen Raum ein. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Grundzuge der Azid-Chemie dargelegt und aktuelle Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Cycloadditionen (Huisgen-Reaktion), Aza-Ylidchemie und der Synthese von Heterocyclen. Weitere Reaktionen wie die Aza-Wittig-Reaktion, Sundberg-Umlagerung, Staudinger-Ligation, Boyer- und Boyer-Aube-Umlagerung, Curtius-Umlagerung, Schmidt-Umlagerung sowie die Hemetsberger-Umlagerung zeugen von der Vielfaltigkeit moderner Azid-Chemie.

Organische Azide – explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse

A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine

Reaction of 1-aza-3-ethylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane (3) with N 2 O 4 under a variety of experimental conditions afforded several products, 4-7, all of which resulted via addition across the strained central C(3)-N σ-bond in 3. The corresponding reactions of ClCO 2 Et, Tf 2 O, and Ms 2 O with 3 also have been studied. These reactions provide useful methods for synthesizing N-substituted 3-ethylideneazetidines and 2-azetines

Reactions of 1-ethyl-3-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane with electrophiles. A facile entry into new, N-substituted 3-ethylideneazetidines and 2-azetines

Additions of X-Y Across the C(3)-N .sigma.-Bond in 1-Aza-3-ethylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane. Novel Routes to 3-Substituted Azetidines

Addition of trimethylsilyl azide and of “mixed anhydrides” to the N-C(3) σ-bond in 3-substituted-1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes†

Highly regioselective hypervalent iodine mediated ring cleavage and ring expansion reactions of some pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane derivatives

D. Rajagopal

Papers

A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine

Reactions of 1-ethyl-3-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane with electrophiles. A facile entry into new, N-substituted 3-ethylideneazetidines and 2-azetines

Additions of X-Y Across the C(3)-N .sigma.-Bond in 1-Aza-3-ethylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane. Novel Routes to 3-Substituted Azetidines

Addition of trimethylsilyl azide and of “mixed anhydrides” to the N-C(3) σ-bond in 3-substituted-1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes†

Highly regioselective hypervalent iodine mediated ring cleavage and ring expansion reactions of some pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane derivatives