4. Survey of Novel Multiphoton Active Materials 1257 4.1. Multiphoton Absorbing Systems 1257 4.2. Organic Molecules 1257 4.3. Organic Liquids and Liquid Crystals 1259 4.4. Conjugated Polymers 1259 4.4.1. Polydiacetylenes 1261 4.4.2. Polyphenylenevinylenes (PPVs) 1261 4.4.3. Polythiophenes 1263 4.4.4. Other Conjugated Polymers 1265 4.4.5. Dendrimers 1265 4.4.6. Hyperbranched Polymers 1267 4.5. Fullerenes 1267 4.6. Coordination and Organometallic Compounds 1271 4.6.1. Metal Dithiolenes 1271 4.6.2. Pyridine-Based Multidentate Ligands 1272 4.6.3. Other Transition-Metal Complexes 1273 4.6.4. Lanthanide Complexes 1275 4.6.5. Ferrocene Derivatives 1275 4.6.6. Alkynylruthenium Complexes 1279 4.6.7. Platinum Acetylides 1279 4.7. Porphyrins and Metallophophyrins 1279 4.8. Nanoparticles 1281 4.9. Biomolecules and Derivatives 1282 5. Nonlinear Optical Characterizations of Multiphoton Active Materials 1282

Multiphoton Absorbing Materials : Molecular Designs, Characterizations, and Applications

Tetrathiafulvalenes, oligoacenenes, and their buckminsterfullerene derivatives: the brick and mortar of organic electronics.

This review surveys the occurrence, analysis, and properties of glucosinolates and derived compounds in plants and products intended for humans and animal consumption. The paper, which includes references published in 1981, is also intended to compliment existing reviews on the chemistry of these sulfur‐containing natural products. Particular emphasis is placed upon members of the Brassica family because of their importance as vegetables, condiments, oilseeds, and animal feedingstuffs. Since much of the work considered here relates to glucosinolate decomposition products, biochemical information concerning the nature, occurrence, and properties of the glucosinolate‐degrading enzyme, myrosinase, is considered in Section III. The methods available for the chemical analysis of glucosinolates and their various breakdown products are discussed critically. Factors affecting the glucosinolate content of plants and plant products arc outlined in Section VII. Particular emphasis is placed upon the effect of proces...

Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants

Crown ethers: sensors for ions and molecular scaffolds for materials and biological models.

Calixarenes are macrocyclic molecules, like crown ethers and cyclodextrins.1-7 Calixarenes made up of phenol and methylene units have many conformational isomers because of two possible rotational modes of the phenol unit: the oxygen-through-theannulus rotation and the para-substituent-throughthe-annulus rotation (Figure 1). The conformational isomers thus yielded afford a great number of unique cavities with the different size and the different shape. Recently, a number of strategies have been exploited by which not only the conformation of calix[4]arenes, but also those of calix[6]arenes and calix[8]arenes, can be immobilized. This means that our group can now design various calixarene-based receptors that show high selectivity for guest molecules and metal cations. In this review article, our group describe novel strategies for cavity design using calix[n]arene skeletons, strategies that are intended to allow complexation of specific molecular targets or metal ions.

Novel Cavity Design Using Calix[n]arene Skeletons: Toward Molecular Recognition and Metal Binding.

Conformational Characteristics of Ethers and Esters of p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene

The factors which effect the stereoselective formation of trans-1-alkyl-2-benzyl-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines and trans-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1-alkyl-2-(diphenylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines by the Pictet−Spengler cyclization were examined by heating tryptophan derivatives with aldehydes of varied steric bulk under aprotic and acidic conditions, followed by determination of the ratio of cis to trans diastereomers so formed. The presence of a benzyl group at the Nb-nitrogen atom alters the diastereochemical outcome of this condensation to provide 100% trans stereoselectivity when the cyclization is carried out with cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde. Furthermore, when Nb-(diphenylmethyl)tryptophan isopropyl ester was condensed with aldehydes of any size, trans diastereomers are formed with 100% stereoselectively. The trans Nb-substituted diastereomers are thermodynamically more stable than their cis congeners as shown by equilibration experiments in TFA. Conversion of the cis diastereom...

Enantiospecific Formation of Trans 1,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by the Pictet−Spengler Reaction and Conversion of Cis Diastereomers into Their Trans Counterparts by Scission of the C-1/N-2 Bond

The crystal structure of tris(acetylacetonato)(1,10-phenanthroline) europium(III)

Structure and properties of complexes formed between aromatic N-oxides and copper(II) compounds

The synthesis, complete characterization, and solid state structural and solution conformation determination of calix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8) is reported A complete series of X-ray structures of the alkali metal salts of calix[4]arene (HC4) illustrate the great influence of the alkali metal ion on the solid state structure of calixanions (eg, the Li salt of monoanionic HC4 is a monomer; the Na salt of monoanionic HC4 forms a dimer; and the K, Rb, and Cs salts exist in polymeric forms) Solution NMR spectra of alkali metal salts of monoanionic calix[4]arenes indicate that they have the cone conformation in solution Variable-temperature NMR spectra of salts HC4·M (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) show that they possess similar coalescence temperatures, all higher than that of HC4 Due to steric hindrance from tert-butyl groups in the para position of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (ButC4), the alkali metal salts of monoanionic ButC4 exist in monomeric or dimeric form in the solid state Calix[6]arene (HC6) and p-tert-b

William H. Watson

Papers

Conformational Characteristics of Ethers and Esters of p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene

Enantiospecific Formation of Trans 1,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by the Pictet−Spengler Reaction and Conversion of Cis Diastereomers into Their Trans Counterparts by Scission of the C-1/N-2 Bond

The crystal structure of tris(acetylacetonato)(1,10-phenanthroline) europium(III)

Structure and properties of complexes formed between aromatic N-oxides and copper(II) compounds

Synthesis, Structures, and Conformational Characteristics of Calixarene Monoanions and Dianions