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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

We present a universal statistical model for texture images in the context of an overcomplete complex wavelet transform. The model is parameterized by a set of statistics computed on pairs of coefficients corresponding to basis functions at adjacent spatial locations, orientations, and scales. We develop an efficient algorithm for synthesizing random images subject to these constraints, by iteratively projecting onto the set of images satisfying each constraint, and we use this to test the perceptual validity of the model. In particular, we demonstrate the necessity of subgroups of the parameter set by showing examples of texture synthesis that fail when those parameters are removed from the set. We also demonstrate the power of our model by successfully synthesizing examples drawn from a diverse collection of artificial and natural textures.

/pdf/a-parametric-texture-model-based-on-joint-statistics-of-2p5nbgtfy6.pdf

A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients

Optical wireless communication (OWC) refers to transmission in unguided propagation media through the use of optical carriers, i.e., visible, infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) bands. In this survey, we focus on outdoor terrestrial OWC links which operate in near IR band. These are widely referred to as free space optical (FSO) communication in the literature. FSO systems are used for high rate communication between two fixed points over distances up to several kilometers. In comparison to radio-frequency (RF) counterparts, FSO links have a very high optical bandwidth available, allowing much higher data rates. They are appealing for a wide range of applications such as metropolitan area network (MAN) extension, local area network (LAN)-to-LAN connectivity, fiber back-up, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, disaster recovery, high definition TV and medical image/video transmission, wireless video surveillance/monitoring, and quantum key distribution among others. Despite the major advantages of FSO technology and variety of its application areas, its widespread use has been hampered by its rather disappointing link reliability particularly in long ranges due to atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and sensitivity to weather conditions. In the last five years or so, there has been a surge of interest in FSO research to address these major technical challenges. Several innovative physical layer concepts, originally introduced in the context of RF systems, such as multiple-input multiple-output communication, cooperative diversity, and adaptive transmission have been recently explored for the design of next generation FSO systems. In this paper, we present an up-to-date survey on FSO communication systems. The first part describes FSO channel models and transmitter/receiver structures. In the second part, we provide details on information theoretical limits of FSO channels and algorithmic-level system design research activities to approach these limits. Specific topics include advances in modulation, channel coding, spatial/cooperative diversity techniques, adaptive transmission, and hybrid RF/FSO systems.

/pdf/survey-on-free-space-optical-communication-a-communication-239v68hfyw.pdf

Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective

In free-space optical communication links, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received light signal, impairing link performance. We describe several communication techniques to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations, i.e., signal fading. These techniques are applicable in the regime in which the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading. We assume that the receiver has no knowledge of the instantaneous fading state. When the receiver knows only the marginal statistics of the fading, a symbol-by-symbol ML detector can be used to improve detection performance. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, yielding a further performance improvement, but at the cost of very high complexity. Spatial diversity reception with multiple receivers can also be used to overcome turbulence-induced fading. We describe the use of ML detection in spatial diversity reception to reduce the diversity gain penalty caused by correlation between the fading at different receivers.

/pdf/free-space-optical-communication-through-atmospheric-48mj86nu81.pdf

Free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels

WDM is currently taking over as the leading technology in point-to-point transmission links. For optical implementation of WDM networks, logical functionalities such as wavelength (channel) selection should be carried out in the wavelength domain; thus, the development of dynamic optical devices is required. One key device is a tunable optical filter. Important features of such a filter include low insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, high sidelobe suppression, large dynamic range, fast tuning speed, a simple control mechanism, small size, and cost effectiveness. Here, an extensive overview of the different technologies used to produce tunable optical filters is presented. Among them, fiber filters such as fiber Bragg gratings and fiber Fabry Perot are the most commercialized, yet inherently limited in their dynamic speeds. For high demanding dynamics, micro-machined and acousto-optic filters can offer a good solution for microsecond tuning speeds. Faster tunable devices, in nanosecond tuning speeds, might emerge out of microresonators, electrooptic filters, and active DBR filters.

Tunable optical filters for dense WDM networks

112Gbit/sec DSP-based single channel transmission of PAM4 at 56Gbaud over 15GHz of effective analog bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated. The DSP enables use of mature 25G optoelectronics for 2-10km datacenter intra-connections, and 8Tbit/sec over 80km interconnections between data centers.

Single channel 112Gbit/sec PAM4 at 56Gbaud with digital signal processing for data centers applications.

Although optical turbulence is usually modeled with micrometeorology, it is shown here that this can be done successfully too with macrometeorology using meteorological parameters measured with standard weather stations and predicted in standard weather forecasts. This makes it possible to predict C2n according to weather forecast. Two experimentally derived models are developed-one for practical use and the other for scientific understanding. Correlation of prediction with measurement is on the order of 90% or more, over large dynamic ranges of meteorological parameters. One interesting aspect of these measurements is the statistical evidence that scintillations are affected by aerosols, particularly under conditions of high total aerosol cross-sectional area. Various explanations for effects of aerosols on C2n and its measurement are suggested. In addition, validity of the models was examined, and experimental comparisons in two very different climates and surface conditions are presented. High correlation is found in both cases between prediction and measurement.

Forecasting optical turbulence strength on the basis of macroscale meteorology and aerosols: models and validation

A fast interferometric tunable optical filter consists of a variable delay line, with a fast phase modulator (10) inserted into the line, which acts as a resonator loop (8, 43) and is connected between the ports of an optical coupler (6, 14). The filter provides tuning speeds of the order of one nanosecond, making the filter suitable for use in selecting a desired wavelength division multiplexed signal as used in optical communications systems. The filter can be implemented in single resonator form, or, to provide improved performance, in a compound resonator form. It can also be constructed in fiber optical form (24, 25), or in a monolithic form on a chip of gallium arsenide in an integrated optics configuration, thereby providing lower production costs and improved performance.

Ultra-fast tunable optical filters

An electrically controlled holographic switch is proposed as a building block for a free-space optical interconnection network. The switch is based on the voltage-controlled photorefractive effect in KLTN crystals at the paraelectric phase. It is built of electrically controlled Bragg gratings stored in the volume of the crystal. A compact switch that connects four high-speed fiber-optic communication channels with high efficiency is demonstrated experimentally. The switch performance is investigated and optimized. This switch is extremely attractive for cascaded switching arrays such as those found in multistage interconnect networks.

Dan Sadot

Papers

Tunable optical filters for dense WDM networks

Single channel 112Gbit/sec PAM4 at 56Gbaud with digital signal processing for data centers applications.

Forecasting optical turbulence strength on the basis of macroscale meteorology and aerosols: models and validation

Ultra-fast tunable optical filters

Free-space optical cross-connect switch by use of electroholography.