Analysis of recycled rubber: Development of an analytical method and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic compounds in rubber matrices.

Refuse is fed downwards through a sealed inlet into the top of a shaft furnace, and travels downwards through a first shaft zone (I) together with co-current of gas. The refuse next travels down at least two more zones (II, III), into which a gas heated totally or partly by electricity is injected. The hot gas thus provides extra energy for the process. The injected gas is esp. air heated by one or more plasma generators; and a fuel, e.g. oil, used oil, or rubber scrap, is pref. added to the initial refuse. The thermal energy in the gas produced is pref. controlled by adjusting the amt. of fuel added to the initial refuse; and the temp. in the zones (I, II, III) are pref. controlled by the temp. of the air heated in the plasma generators.

Incineration of waste

Global evaluation of the chemical hazard of recycled tire crumb rubber employed on worldwide synthetic turf football pitches

Recent trends in the analysis of honey constituents.

Recycled materials are found in many consumer products as part of a circular economy; however, the chemical content of recycled products is generally uncharacterized. A suspect screening analysis using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) was applied to 210 products (154 recycled, 56 virgin) across seven categories. Chemicals in products were tentatively identified using a standard spectral library or confirmed using chemical standards. A total of 918 probable chemical structures identified (112 of which were confirmed) in recycled materials versus 587 (110 confirmed) in virgin materials. Identified chemicals were characterized in terms of their functional use and structural class. Recycled paper products and construction materials contained greater numbers of chemicals than virgin products; 733 identified chemicals had greater occurrence in recycled compared to virgin materials. Products made from recycled materials contained greater numbers of fragrances, flame retardants, solvents, biocides, and dyes. The results were clustered to identify groups of chemicals potentially associated with unique chemical sources, and identified chemicals were prioritized for further study using high-throughput hazard and exposure information. While occurrence is not necessarily indicative of risk, these results can be used to inform the expansion of existing models or identify exposure pathways currently neglected in exposure assessments.

Chemical Characterization of Recycled Consumer Products Using Suspect Screening Analysis.

Honey is a natural product well known for its beneficial properties. It contains phytochemicals, a wide class of nutraceuticals found in plants, including compounds with highly demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The main goal of this work is the development of a miniaturized and environmentally friendly methodology to obtain the phenolic profile of Galician honeys (Northwest Spain) from different varieties such as honeydew, chestnut, eucalyptus, heather, blackberry and multi-floral. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were also evaluated. As regards sample preparation, miniaturized vortex (VE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) employing aqueous-based solvents were performed. Individual quantification of 41 target phenolic compounds was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results revealed the presence of 25 phenolic compounds in the 91 analyzed samples, reaching concentrations up to 252 µg g−1. Statistical tools such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to obtain models that allowed classifying the different honeys according to their botanical origin. Obtained results, based on TPC, AA and ∑phenolic compounds showed that significant differences appeared depending on the honey variety, being several of the identified phenol compounds being responsible of the main differentiation.

Evaluating the Presence and Contents of Phytochemicals in Honey Samples: Phenolic Compounds as Indicators to Identify Their Botanical Origin

https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/123104029/Hazardous_compounds_in_recreational_and_urban_recycled_surfaces_made_from_crumb_rubber.pdf

Hazardous compounds in recreational and urban recycled surfaces made from crumb rubber. Compliance with current regulation and future perspectives

https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/127419769/Evaluation_of_chemicals_of_environmental_concern_in_crumb_rubber_and_water_leachates_from_several_types_of_synthetic_turf_football_pitches.pdf

Evaluation of chemicals of environmental concern in crumb rubber and water leachates from several types of synthetic turf football pitches.

An effective, quick and sustainable air analysis method was developed to analyse 41 volatiles and semi volatile organic compounds present in tire rubber and crumb rubber materials The proposed method, based on active sampling using a sorbent material followed by an ultrasound assisted extraction, was developed with the aim of obtaining a fast and simple procedure to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, antioxidants and vulcanisation agents in air A small amount of sorbent (25 mg) was used, and the analytes were recovered in only 1 mL of solvent An experimental design was applied to study the influence of main factors such as type of sorbent and type of solvent, extraction technique (ultrasound assisted extraction and vortex extraction), extraction time, as well as the factor interactions Under optimal conditions, no breakthrough occurs in the studied interval (up to 4 m3 ) Linearity was demonstrated in a wide concentration range Accuracy of the total sampling-extraction analysis was evaluated obtaining satisfactory recoveries as well as good precision The method was successfully applied to different outdoor and indoor air environments, including a recycled rubber synthetic turf football pitch This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved

Daniel Armada

Papers

Evaluating the Presence and Contents of Phytochemicals in Honey Samples: Phenolic Compounds as Indicators to Identify Their Botanical Origin

Hazardous compounds in recreational and urban recycled surfaces made from crumb rubber. Compliance with current regulation and future perspectives

Evaluation of chemicals of environmental concern in crumb rubber and water leachates from several types of synthetic turf football pitches.

Miniaturized active air sampling method for the analysis of tire rubber pollutants from indoor and outdoor places.