16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) amplicon analysis remains the standard approach for the cultivation-independent investigation of microbial diversity. The accuracy of these analyses depends strongly on the choice of primers. The overall coverage and phylum spectrum of 175 primers and 512 primer pairs were evaluated in silico with respect to the SILVA 16S/18S rDNA non-redundant reference dataset (SSURef 108 NR). Based on this evaluation a selection of 'best available' primer pairs for Bacteria and Archaea for three amplicon size classes (100-400, 400-1000, ≥ 1000 bp) is provided. The most promising bacterial primer pair (S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17/S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21), with an amplicon size of 464 bp, was experimentally evaluated by comparing the taxonomic distribution of the 16S rDNA amplicons with 16S rDNA fragments from directly sequenced metagenomes. The results of this study may be used as a guideline for selecting primer pairs with the best overall coverage and phylum spectrum for specific applications, therefore reducing the bias in PCR-based microbial diversity studies.

Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies

Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment

Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals

Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): membrane fouling and membrane material.

We report the design and evaluation of PCR primers 63f and 1387r for amplification of 16S rRNA genes from bacteria. Their specificity and efficacy were tested systematically with a variety of bacterial species and environmental samples. They were found to be more useful for 16S rRNA gene amplification in ecological and systematic studies than PCR amplimers that are currently more generally used.

Design and Evaluation of Useful Bacterium-Specific PCR Primers That Amplify Genes Coding for Bacterial 16S rRNA

Aim
To discuss how Bourdieu's Theory of Practice can be used by nurse researchers to better uncover the embodied knowledge of patients living with disability and illness.

Background
Bourdieu's Theory of Practice has been used in social and healthcare research. This theory emphasizes that an individual's everyday practices are not always explicit and mediated by language, but instead an individual's everyday practices are often are tacit and embodied.

Design: Discussion paper.

Data Sources
Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched for concepts from Bourdieu's theory that were used to understand embodied knowledge of patients living with disability and illness. The literature search included articles from 2003-2017.

Implications for Nursing: Nurse researchers should use Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to uncover the embodied knowledge of patients living with disability and illness, and nurse researchers should translate these discoveries into policy recommendations and improved evidence-based best practice. The practice of nursing should incorporate an understanding of embodied knowledge to support disabled and ill patients as these patients modify “everyday practices” in light of their disabilities and illnesses.

Conclusion
Bourdieu's theory enriches nursing because the theory allows for consideration of both the objective and subjective through the conceptualization of capital, habitus and field. Uncovering individuals embodied knowledge is critical to implement best practices that assist patients as they adapt to bodily changes during disability and illness.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Practice offers nurses a framework to uncover embodied knowledge of patients living with disabilities or illnesses: A discussion paper

/pdf/introducing-molecular-biology-to-environmental-engineers-12520n3vk3.pdf

Introducing Molecular Biology to Environmental Engineers through Development of a New Course.

Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America (more than 14 million people) with the largest city in Central America (Guatemala City), is also home to the most stunted population in the Western Hemisphere (prevalence of nearly 5%) and the sixth most stunted population among children under five years old globally (United States Agency for International Development [USAID], 2018). With a Gini index above 50 (i.e., a measure of statistical dispersion of wealth varying from 0, perfect equality, to 100, perfect inequality), the unequal distribution of wealth, especially the poverty of the Mayan population living in the rural Western Highlands of Guatemala. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

/pdf/an-example-of-convergence-guatemala-research-on-wash-grow-phbd1haz6x.pdf

An example of convergence: Guatemala Research on WaSH (GRoW).

Nightingale's legacy as a nurse theorist promotes healthful food systems.

Previously, we described the importance of educating heads, hands, and hearts in the online COVID-19 classroom. Yes, teachers of environmental engineering and science need to transmit information, ...

Daniel B. Oerther

Papers

Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Practice offers nurses a framework to uncover embodied knowledge of patients living with disabilities or illnesses: A discussion paper

Introducing Molecular Biology to Environmental Engineers through Development of a New Course.

An example of convergence: Guatemala Research on WaSH (GRoW).

Nightingale's legacy as a nurse theorist promotes healthful food systems.

Think-Pair-Listen in the Online COVID-19 Classroom