David A. Ingber

TL;DR: It is shown that cross-resistance exists between Cry3Bb1 maize and mCry3A maize and is associated with severe injury to Bt maize in farmers’ fields, illustrating the potential of insects to develop resistance rapidly when Bt crops do not achieve a high dose of Bt toxin.

TL;DR: These first cases of resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 corn are highlighted, highlighting the potential vulnerability of Bt corn to the evolution of resistance by western corn rootworm.

TL;DR: To the extent that field populations exhibit nonrecessive inheritance and a lack of fitness cost, this will favor more rapid evolution of resistance than would be expected when resistance is functionally recessive and is accompanied by fitness costs.

TL;DR: Non-Bt refuges delayed resistance to Bt corn by D. v. virgifera in some cases but not others, and combining the refuge strategy with pyramids of multiple Bt toxins and applying other pest management strategies will likely be necessary to delay resistance.

TL;DR: Examination of the discriminatory power of five bioassay methods for detecting statistically significant differences in the magnitude of resistance to Cry3Bb1 in two non-diapausing strains of western corn rootworm finds that seedling-mat assays tended to distinguish between resistant and susceptible strains on Bt corn better than single-plant assays.