David A. Raichlen

TL;DR: Variation in cost between bipedal and quadrupedal walking, as well as between chimpanzees and humans, is well explained by biomechanical differences in anatomy and gait, with the decreased cost of human walking attributable to the authors' more extended hip and a longer hindlimb.

TL;DR: The doubly-labeled water method is used to measure total daily energy expenditure in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether foragers expend more energy each day than their Western counterparts, and hypothesize that human dailyEnergy expenditure may be an evolved physiological trait largely independent of cultural differences.

TL;DR: The results suggest that scale-invariant, superdiffusive movement profiles are a fundamental feature of human landscape use, regardless of the physical or cultural environment, and may have played an important role in the evolution of human mobility.

TL;DR: Variants in CADM2, a gene previously implicated in obesity, risk-taking behavior and other traits, were found to be associated with habitual PA, and genetic correlations of PA with other traits and diseases were found.

TL;DR: A passive arm swing hypothesis for upper body movement during human walking and running is supported, in which the trunk and shoulders act primarily as elastic linkages between the pelvis, shoulder girdle and arms, the arms act as passive mass dampers which reduce torso and head rotation, and higher body movement is primarily powered by lower body movement.