Showing papers by "David L. Strayer published in 2002"

Anesthesia drug monitor

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for the monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation (101b, 110a, 117 and 118) of the state of a dynamic drug display system is disclosed. This invention provides for the rapid cognitive grasp of the overall state of drug combination effects with respect to a dynamic system. The system provides for displayed objects (118), which change in real time to show the changes of the functions of the system. In particular, this invention is directed to the processing and display of drug data for the use of doctors in the process of monitoring or administering drugs to patients.

Development and evaluation of a graphical anesthesia drug display.

Abstract: Background: Usable real-time displays of intravenous anesthetic concentrations and effects could significantly enhance intraoperative clinical decision-making. Pharmacokinetic models are available to estimate past, present, and future drug effectsite concentrations, and pharmacodynamic models are available to predict the drug’s associated physiologic effects. Methods: An interdisciplinary research team (bioengineering, architecture, anesthesiology, computer engineering, and cognitive psychology) developed a graphic display that presents the real-time effect-site concentrations, normalized to the drugs’ EC95, of intravenous drugs. Graphical metaphors were created to show the drugs’ pharmacodynamics. To evaluate the effect of the display on the management of total intravenous anesthesia, 15 anesthesiologists participated in a computer-based simulation study. The participants cared for patients during two experimental conditions: with and without the drug display. Results: With the drug display, clinicians administered more bolus doses of remifentanil during anesthesia maintenance. There was a significantly lower variation in the predicted effect-site concentrations for remifentanil and propofol, and effect-site concentrations were maintained closer to the drugs’ EC95. There was no significant difference in the simulated patient heart rate and blood pressure with respect to experimental condition. The perceived performance for the participants was increased with the drug display, whereas mental demand, effort, and frustration level were reduced. In a postsimulation questionnaire, participants rated the display to be a useful addition to anesthesia monitoring. Conclusions: The drug display altered simulated clinical practice. These results, which will inform the next iteration of designs and evaluations, suggest promise for this approach to drug data visualization. DURING surgery, levels of sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade are controlled by the timely admin

Negative priming in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence for a role of the striatum in inhibitory attentional processes.

Abstract: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and normal controls (NCs) performed a negative priming task. NCs displayed the normal pattern of negative priming in that relative to a control condition they were slower to identify a target within a stimulus array when it had been a distractor in the previous array. PD patients did not display any evidence of negative priming. In contrast, both PD patients and NCs displayed statistically the same level of spatial priming and response repetition cost. Regression analyses indicated that although symptom severity, symptom characteristics, and global cognitive functioning were not reliable predictors of negative priming or spatial priming in PD patients, greater symptom severity and poorer global cognitive functioning were associated with less response repetition cost. The possible role of the striatum in negative priming, spatial priming, and response repetition cost is discussed.

Negative priming and stimulus repetition: A reply to Neill and Joordens (2002)

Abstract: Negative priming is reliably obtained with repeated items, but not with novel items. Here, we review why these stimulus repetition effects raise problems for memorybased theories of negative priming. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence casting doubt on Neill and Joordens’s (2002) claim that perceptual facilitation masks the effects of episodic retrieval with novel items. Finally, we discuss several theoretical and methodological issues raised in the reply by Neill and Joordens. We conclude that a more straightforward interpretation of these stimulus repetition effects is one based on activation-sensitive inhibition.

Engineering psychophysiology: Issues and applications, edited by Richard W. Backs and Wolfram Bousein. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2000. 385 pp.

Abstract: Advancing technology changes the very nature of the world in which we interact. Often these changes introduce unintended stresses and strains on the individual attempting to interact with this new technology. The objective of this 17-chapter edited volume is to promote engineering psychophysiology as a discipline that uses a variety of psychophysiological measures to understand and potentially improve the nature of our interactions in the real world. The target audience for the book is the researcher who is new to the use of psychophysiological measures in engineering applications.

Pulmonary Metaphor Design and Anesthesia Simulation Testing

Abstract: Medical decision making is a crucial process to successfully treat a critical medical emergency. During an unexpected medical event, astronauts, like anesthesiologists, must react quickly in a complex environment. Tools, such as the pulmonary metaphor display, were created to aid the medical caregiver 's decision making process. The pulmonary metaphor display is designed to help the caregiver collect and integrate pulmonary data to provide a more accurate, quicker diagnosis and treatment. The following outlined anesthesiology simulation study will provide the data to prove that the pulmonary metaphor display is beneficial to medical decision making.