http://apsychoserver.psychofizz.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC501A/Readings/Polich_2007_Clin_Neurophys_Review_P3s.pdf

Updating P300: An Integrative Theory of P3a and P3b

The event-related potential (ERP) technique in cognitive neuroscience allows scientists to observe human brain activity that reflects specific cognitive processes. In An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, Steve Luck offers the first comprehensive guide to the practicalities of conducting ERP experiments in cognitive neuroscience and related fields, including affective neuroscience and experimental psychopathology. The book can serve as a guide for the classroom or the laboratory and as a reference for researchers who do not conduct ERP studies themselves but need to understand and evaluate ERP experiments in the literature. It summarizes the accumulated body of ERP theory and practice, providing detailed, practical advice about how to design, conduct, and interpret ERP experiments, and presents the theoretical background needed to understand why an experiment is carried out in a particular way. Luck focuses on the most fundamental techniques, describing them as they are used in many of the world's leading ERP laboratories. These techniques reflect a long history of electrophysiological recordings and provide an excellent foundation for more advanced approaches. The book also provides advice on the key topic of how to design ERP experiments so that they will be useful in answering questions of broad scientific interest. This reflects the increasing proportion of ERP research that focuses on these broader questions rather than the "ERPology" of early studies, which concentrated primarily on ERP components and methods. Topics covered include the neural origins of ERPs, signal averaging, artifact rejection and correction, filtering, measurement and analysis, localization, and the practicalities of setting up the lab.

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An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique

Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual \"filling in,\" visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness-Authors' Response-Acting out our sensory experience

Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual “filling in,” visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.

/pdf/a-sensorimotor-account-of-vision-and-visual-consciousness-1o8kf5szfs.pdf

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

Detection and discrimination of motion-defined and luminance-defined two-dimensional form

One aim of neuromagnetic studies of human sensory pathways is to obtain data that can test quantitative models of these sensory pathways. The human auditory and visual pathways are composed of neurons, many of which can be modelled as a rectifier (Figure 1). Here we describe a method for characterizing one or more rectifiers arranged in a sequential or parallel/sequential order. The procedure is to calculate the response of such a neural model to an input that consists of the sum of two sinusoids. The calculation is repeated for each candidate model. Then the magnetic response of the brain to a sum of sinewaves input is measured, and the empirical result compared with the catalogue of theoretical predictions. We have published a preliminary catalogue (Regan & Regan, 1988) and are currently engaged in assembling a more extensive catalogue. The method allows a small population of specialized neurons to be isolated, and magnetic recording offers a precise localization of the selected neurons.

A Frequency Domain Technique for Using Evoked Magnetic Fields to Test Multi-Stage Models of Sensory Processing

(partial) Foreword. Systems analysis of spatial vision. An essay in honour of Professor L H van der Tweel, G Westheimer. Recent advances in retinex theory, E H Land. Higher order colour mechanisms, J Krauskopf et al. Electrical feedback mechanism in the processing of signals in the outer plexiform layer of the retina, A L Byzov & T M Shura Bura. The importance of contrast for the activity of single neurons, the VEP and perception, R Shapley. Anatomical and physiological asymmetries related to visual areas V3 and VP in macaque extrastriate cortex, A Burkhalter et al. Why have multiple cortical areas?, H B Barlow. The systems approach to the oculomotor system, D A Robinson. The need for an eclectic, rather than systems, approach to the study of the primate oculomotor system, R M Steinman. Processing of optical information by the visual systems of the fly, W Reichardt. Visual processing of four kinds of relative motion, D Regan. Recovering motion information from luminance, S Anstis. Optic flow, J J Koenderink. Visual motion ambiguity, H C Longuet-Higgins. Temporal frequency-dependent VEP changes in Parkinson's Disease, M Marx et al.

Systems approach in vision : proceedings of a workshop held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 27-29 August 1984

Periodicity in orientation discrimination threshold (A)

Psychophysical thresholds for rising and falling FM ramps were both measured after subjects listened to an FM adapting tone of 40 dB SL (rising or falling FM ramp) for 10 min. All 23 control subjects' ears tested showed threshold elevations greater than 100%, as did all 12 ears of patients with noise‐induced hearing loss. In contrast, 5 (out of 10) MS patients' ears tested showed threshold elevations less than 100%. Control subjects show elevated FM thresholds after adapting to an FM tone, while AM and pure tone thresholds are little affected [Regan and Tansley, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1249–1257 (1979)]; this finding can be understood if there are independent sets of channels for FM and AM. In these terms MS, but not noise‐induced deafness, would be associated with disordered FM channels. Since the detection of formant transitions seems to be important in speech comprehension, disordered FM channels might provide a partial explanation why some MS patients experience degraded speech comprehension though their audiograms are normal. [MS Society (Canada) and NSERC supported.]

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David Regan

Papers

Detection and discrimination of motion-defined and luminance-defined two-dimensional form

A Frequency Domain Technique for Using Evoked Magnetic Fields to Test Multi-Stage Models of Sensory Processing

Systems approach in vision : proceedings of a workshop held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 27-29 August 1984

Periodicity in orientation discrimination threshold (A)

Specific loss of sensitivity to frequency modulation in multiple sclerosis (MS)