Showing papers by "David S. Ludwig published in 2006"
TL;DR: The beneficial effect on body weight of reducing SSB consumption increased with increasing baseline body weight, offering additional support for American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines to limitSSB consumption.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE.The role of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in promoting obesity is controversial. Observational data link SSB consumption with excessive weight gain; however, randomized, controlled trials are lacking and necessary to resolve the debate. We conducted a pilot study to examine the effect of decreasing SSB consumption on body weight. METHODS.We randomly assigned 103 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who regularly consumed SSBs to intervention and control groups. The intervention, 25 weeks in duration, relied largely on home deliveries of noncaloric beverages to displace SSBs and thereby decrease consumption. Change in SSB consumption was the main process measure, and change in body mass index (BMI) was the primary end point. RESULTS.All of the randomly assigned subjects completed the study. Consumption of SSBs decreased by 82% in the intervention group and did not change in the control group. Change in BMI, adjusted for gender and age, was 0.07 0.14 kg/m 2 (mean SE) for the intervention group and 0.21 0.15 kg/m 2 for the control group. The net difference, 0.14 0.21 kg/m 2 , was not significant overall. However, baseline BMI was a significant effect modifier. Among the subjects in the upper baseline-BMI tertile, BMI change differed significantly between the intervention (0.63 0.23 kg/m 2 ) and control (0.12 0.26 kg/m 2 ) groups, a net effect of 0.75 0.34 kg/m 2 . The interaction between weight change and baseline
590 citations
TL;DR: Increases in television viewing are associated with increased calorie intake among youth, and this association is mediated by increasing consumption of calorie-dense low-nutrient foods frequently advertised on television.
Abstract: Objectives To test whether increased television viewing is associated with increased total energy intake and with increased consumption of foods commonly advertised on television, and to test whether increased consumption of these foods mediates the relationship between television viewing and total energy intake. Design Prospective observational study with baseline (fall 1995) and follow-up (spring 1997) measures of youth diet, physical activity, and television viewing. We used food advertising data to identify 6 food groups for study (sweet baked snacks, candy, fried potatoes, main courses commonly served as fast food, salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages). Setting and Participants Five public schools in 4 communities near Boston. The sample included 548 students (mean age at baseline, 11.70 years; 48.4% female; and 63.5% white). Main Outcome Measures Change in total energy intake and intake of foods commonly advertised on television from baseline to follow-up. Results After adjusting for baseline covariates, each hour increase in television viewing was associated with an additional 167 kcal/d (95% confidence interval, 136-198 kcal/d; P Conclusions Increases in television viewing are associated with increased calorie intake among youth. This association is mediated by increasing consumption of calorie-dense low-nutrient foods frequently advertised on television.
382 citations
TL;DR: Adolescents with more metabolic abnormalities have higher CRP, which may be an indicator of greater metabolic derangement and future cardiovascular risk, which was higher in adolescents with metabolic syndrome than in those without.
Abstract: Background: Understanding of C-reactive protein (CRP) in adult metabolic syndrome is increasing; however, this relationship in children is less clear.
Methods: We compared the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in fasting 12- to 19-year-olds from the 1999–2000 and 1988–1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In the more recent dataset we explored the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and CRP as measured by a high-sensitivity assay.
Results: The prevalence of central obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and hypertension increased between the 2 surveys. Three or more abnormalities (metabolic syndrome) were found in 12.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.0%–15.4%] of fasting adolescents from the 1999–2000 survey, compared with 9.2% (95% CI, 7.8%–10.6%; P <0.001) in the 1988–1994 dataset, with increases also seen in sex and ethnic/racial subgroups. Increases in metabolic syndrome were primarily attributable to increasing body mass index (BMI); prevalence of BMI at or above the 85th percentile increased from 25.9% to 30.5%. Metabolic syndrome was much more prevalent in overweight compared with normal-weight adolescents (38.6% vs 1.4%; P <0.001). Median CRP increased with increasing numbers of metabolic abnormalities and was higher in adolescents with metabolic syndrome than in those without. CRP was higher in adolescents with BMI at or above the 85th percentile than those with normal BMI.
Conclusions: Metabolic abnormalities and the metabolic syndrome phenotype are increasingly prevalent in US adolescents, attributable in part to the increasing incidence of overweight. Adolescents with more metabolic abnormalities have higher CRP, which may be an indicator of greater metabolic derangement and future cardiovascular risk.
159 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that type 2 diabetes screening tests must be practical for clinicians and patients if they are to be used in pediatric practice and that the role and optimal methods for screening in pediatric primary care are clarified.
24 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the glycemic index values of individual foods do not predict glycemic response to mixed meals, nor influence measures of hunger, and the lack of effect on appetite is not surprising.
Abstract: In their recent article, Alfenas and Mattes (1) conclude that the glycemic index values of individual foods do not predict glycemic response to mixed meals, nor influence measures of hunger. Because the observed glycemic response did not differ between diets, the lack of effect on appetite is not surprising. Thus, the potentially important aspect of the study pertains to the prediction of glycemic index in mixed meals.
The authors’ approach was to validate published glycemic index values in a pretest, selecting 48 of 79 foods with consistent glycemic responses. However, their …
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a demographic profile and examined the types of value (social and economic) and fairness received from strategic partnerships between members of the US textile industry with their US suppliers and vendors, based on a theoretical relationship retention model by Gassenheimer and Houston and incorporating Transactional Cost Analysis, social exchange theory and distributive justice as theoretical frameworks.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a demographic profile and to examine the types of value (social and economic) and fairness received from strategic partnerships between members of the US textile industry with their US suppliers and vendorsDesign/methodology/approach – Based on a theoretical Relationship Retention Model by Gassenheimer and Houston and incorporating Transactional Cost Analysis, social exchange theory and distributive justice as theoretical frameworks, a quantitative instrument measured partnership economic value, social value and fairness Standard least squares regression analysis combined with bootstrap analysis was used in data analysisFindings – Results indicated that a significant relationship (p>00001) existed between social value and fairness These findings refute the theoretical model, which shows both economic value and social value to be equally important to a successful partnershipResearch limitations/implications – Limitations arose from adapting a theoreti
8 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This conclusion that the differential glycemic responses of foods tested in isolation are not preserved under conditions of chronic ad libitum consumption of mixed meals is unwarranted because of serious methodological problems that undermine the validity of their results.
Abstract: Recently, Alfenas and Mattes (1) concluded that the differential glycemic responses of foods tested in isolation are not preserved under conditions of chronic ad libitum consumption of mixed meals (1). This conclusion is unwarranted because of serious methodological problems that undermine the validity of their results.
Foods were classified as low–or high–glycemic index by the investigators; the glycemic index of each food was determined in three subjects by measuring glucose four times with a glucose meter and discarding means with inconsistent values. Since white bread …
7 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors investigated business practices of strategic partnerships in the US textile industry with an emphasis on the economic and social value received by partners, concluding that benefits to partners are derived from strategic partnerships.
Abstract: A strategic partnership is an alliance between companies in which combined corporate strengths are intended to improve outcomes for all members. As a means of maintaining corporate competitiveness in the global economy, some members of the textile industry have established strategic partnerships with other members of the textile and apparel supply chain. The purpose of this study was to investigate business practices of strategic partnerships in the US textile industry with an emphasis on the economic and social value received by partners. Results of a quantitative questionnaire that was completed by 93 respondents in key decision-making positions at US textile manufacturers are discussed, indicating that benefits to partners are derived from strategic partnerships. Finally, a case study of Glen Raven Mills, a global leader in performance fabrics that has multiple strategic partnerships in place, is included. In the case study, key insights about the role partnerships have played in the company’s success are excerpted from an interview with company CEO Allen Gant, Jr.
2 citations