Showing papers by "Dean D. Erdman published in 1999"
TL;DR: Findings suggest that B19 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GCA, and a statistically significant association between histologic evidence of G CA and the presence of B19 DNA in TAB tissue is indicated.
Abstract: Objective
To determine whether parvovirus B19 DNA is more likely to be present in the temporal arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) than in the temporal arteries of control subjects.
Methods
We prospectively examined temporal artery biopsy (TAB) tissue from 50 consecutive patients presenting for TAB for the presence of B19 DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and demographic information was obtained from the patients' medical records. A separate PCR analysis of 30 original tissue specimens was conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) using primers directed toward another target sequence in the nonstructural coding area of B19.
Results
The 50 patients had an average age of 70.8 years; 27 (54%) were female. Amplicons for human β-globulin, but not for cytomegalovirus, were produced for all tissue samples. The PCR results for B19 agreed in 29 of 30 samples tested by our institution and by the CDC (97% agreement; κ = 0.9). A comparison of the B19 DNA analysis and the results of TAB indicated a statistically significant association between histologic evidence of GCA and the presence of B19 DNA in TAB tissue (χ2= 10.38, P = 0.0013).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that B19 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GCA.
142 citations
TL;DR: HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 were among the four most frequently identified infections associated with lower respiratory tract infection during their respective outbreak seasons and off-seasons.
Abstract: To better define the contribution of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) to lower respiratory tract infection in adults, we tested acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens from hospitalized adults participating in a population-based prospective study of lower respiratory tract infection during 1991-1992 We tested all available specimens from the epidemic seasons for each virus and approximately 300 randomly selected specimens from the corresponding off-seasons for antibodies to HPIV-1, HPIV-2, or HPIV-3 During the respective epidemic season, HPIV-1 infection was detected in 18 (25%) of 721 and HPIV-3 infection in 22 (31%) of 705 patients with lower respiratory tract infection Only 2 (02%) of 1,057 patients tested positive for HPIV-2 infection No HPIV-1 infections and only 2 (07% of 281 patients tested) HPIV-3 infections were detected during the off-seasons HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 were among the four most frequently identified infections associated with lower respiratory tract infection during their respective outbreak seasons
102 citations
TL;DR: Se sequencing of 7 HRSV isolates identified 2 distinct genotypes, GA5 (1 case) and GB3 (6 cases), which could be further differentiated into 2 strains with identical nucleotide sequences that differed from each other and from 14 community HRSv isolates.
Abstract: Although nosocomial transmission of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and its effect on morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised adults are well recognized, few studies have applied molecular techniques to differentiate nosocomial from community-acquired infections. Between January and April 1997, an outbreak of HRSV occurred among adult patients in a leukemia/lymphoma ward. Among 45 hospitalized patients undergoing bronchoscopy for investigation of acute respiratory illness, 8 were identified with HRSV infection. One infected patient developed symptoms before admission and was thought to be the index case. However, subsequent sequencing of 7 HRSV isolates identified 2 distinct genotypes, GA5 (1 case) and GB3 (6 cases). The 6 GB3 isolates could be further differentiated into 2 strains with identical nucleotide sequences that differed from each other and from 14 community HRSV isolates. Instead of a single nosocomial outbreak of HRSV, multiple introductions of HRSV likely occurred with distinct lines of nosocomial transmission.
67 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a federal service training academy revealed that visiting the campus health clinic >3 times for a nonrespiratory condition, such as injury, was a significant risk factor for illness among freshmen early in the course of the outbreak, whereas having an ill roommate was a risk factor throughout the duration of the outbreaks.
Abstract: Outbreaks of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus have been reported in military institutions for several decades. During a recent outbreak in a federal service training academy, we performed an epidemiological and laboratory investigation to better characterize and control the outbreak. Of 586 students responding to a questionnaire, 317 (54%) reported having a respiratory illness during the outbreak period. Among 42 students who underwent complete laboratory testing, 24 (57%) had evidence of M. pneumoniae infection, 8 (19%) had evidence of adenovirus infection, and 4 (10%) had evidence of both. Polymerase chain reaction testing of oropharyngeal swabs revealed more acute M. pneumoniae infections (57% positive) than did serology or culture. Multivariate analysis revealed that visiting the campus health clinic >3 times for a nonrespiratory condition, such as injury, was a significant risk factor for illness among freshmen early in the course of the outbreak, whereas having an ill roommate was a risk factor throughout the duration of the outbreak.
56 citations