Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention

Mini Mental State

The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice

Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

The adaptation of psychological instruments is a complex process that requires a high methodological rigor. Because there is no consensus in the literature about its steps, this article discuss some essential aspects regarding the cross- cultural adaptation of psychological instruments and proposes guidelines to the researchers about the different steps of this process. Some considerations regarding the validation of the adapted instrument are also presented. In this stage, we discuss some aspects regarding the factorial structure of the instrument, which might be evaluated through statistical procedures, such as exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis. More than that, the authors provide some guidelines to the validation of psychological instruments in different cultures.

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Adaptação e Validação de Instrumentos Psicológicos entre Culturas: Algumas Considerações

Background: Patients who undergo surgery experience acute psychological distress in the preoperative period. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the effect of risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 592 inpatients scheduled for elective surgery. Age ranged from 18 to 60 years (ASA physical status I–III). Demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. The measuring instruments were a visual analog scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, and the future self-perception questionnaire. Multivariate conditional regression modeling was used to control confounding factors and to determine independent predictors of preoperative anxiety, taking into account the hierarchical relationship between risk factors.

Results: High preoperative anxiety was associated with history of cancer (odds ratio (OR)=2.26) and smoking (OR=7.47), psychiatric disorders (OR=5.93), negative future perception (OR=2.30), moderate to intense depressive symptoms (3.22), high trait-anxiety (3.83), moderate to intense pain (2.12), medium surgery (OR=1.52), female gender (OR=2.0), ASA category III (OR=3.41), up to 12 years of education (OR=1.36), and more than 12 years of education (OR=1.68). Previous surgery (OR=0.61) was associated with lower risk for preoperative state-anxiety.

Conclusions: History of cancer and smoking, psychiatric disorders, negative future perception, moderate to intense depressive symptoms, high trait-anxiety, moderate to intense pain, medium surgery, female gender, ASA category III, up to 12 years of education and more than 12 years of education constituted independent risk factors for preoperative state-anxiety. Previous surgery reduced the risk for preoperative anxiety.

Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults.

Background: Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that is influenced by physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, socio-cultural, and behavioral factors. Consistent with the perspective to improve the postoperative pain control, the present study has the purpose of assessing the effect of presurgical clinical factors, psychological and demographic characteristics as predictors for reporting moderate to intense acute postoperative pain.



Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 346 inpatients undergoing abdominal elective surgery (ASA physical status I-III, age range 18–60 years). The measuring instruments were Pain Visual Analog Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Multivariate conditional regression modeling was used to determine independent predictors for moderate to intense acute postoperative pain.



Results: Moderate to intense acute postoperative pain was associated with status ASA III (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99), age (OR = 4.72), preoperative moderate to intense pain (OR = 2.96), chronic pain (OR = 1.75), high trait-anxiety and depressive mood moderate to intense (OR = 1.74 and OR = 2.00, respectively). Patients undergoing surgery to treat cancer presented lower risk for reporting moderate to intense pain OR = 0.39, as well as those that received the epidural analgesia and multimodal analgesia with systemic opioid (OR = 0.09 and OR = 0.16, respectively).



Conclusions: The identification of predictive factors for intense acute postoperative pain may be useful for designing specific preventive interventions to relieve patient suffering. Especially because few of these variables are accessible for medical intervention, which would improve the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients at risk of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain.

Preoperative predictors of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery

O conceito de coping tem sido descrito como o conjunto das estrategias utilizadas pelas pessoas para adaptarem-se a circunstâncias adversas ou estressantes. O presente artigo apresenta os modelos de coping de Folkman e Lazarus, e de Rudolph, Denning e Weisz, bem como suas diferentes posicoes teoricas e metodologicas. As definicoes de estilos e estrategias de coping, sua eficacia e possiveis relacoes com tracos de personalidade sao discutidas. E salientada a necessidade de uma teoria de stress-coping especifica para criancas, tendo em vista as mudancas cognitivas que ocorrem no curso de seu desenvolvimento. Este artigo apresenta tambem questoes controversas sobre o tema e aponta a necessidade de pesquisas sobre coping no Brasil, para auxiliar na compreensao e desenvolvimento deste conceito.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/epsic/v3n2/a06v03n2.pdf

O conceito de coping: uma revisão teórica

CONTEXTO: A espiritualidade tem sido apontada como uma importante dimensao da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Apresentar revisao de literatura sobre qualidade de vida e espiritualidade, sua associacao e instrumentos de avaliacao. METODO: Busca do tema-titulo nas bases de dados PsycINFO e PubMed/Medline entre 1979 e 2005. RESULTADOS: A qualidade de vida e um conceito recente, que engloba e transcende o conceito de saude, sendo composto de varios dominios ou dimensoes: fisica, psicologica, ambiental, entre outras. Considerada a medida que faltava na area da saude, tem sido definida como a percepcao do individuo de sua posicao na vida no contexto da cultura e sistema de valores nos quais vive e em relacao aos seus objetivos, expectativas, padroes e preocupacoes. Ha indicios consistentes de associacao entre qualidade de vida e espiritualidade/religiosidade, por meio de estudos com razoavel rigor metodologico, utilizando diversas variaveis para avaliar espiritualidade (por exemplo: afiliacao religiosa, oracao e coping religioso/espiritual). Tambem existem varios instrumentos de qualidade de vida validos e fidedignos que avaliam a dimensao espiritual/religiosa. CONCLUSOES: Novos estudos sao necessarios, entretanto, especialmente no Brasil. Tais estudos proverao dados empiricos a serem utilizados no planejamento de intervencoes em saude espiritualmente embasados, visando a uma melhor qualidade de vida.

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Denise Ruschel Bandeira

Papers

Adaptação e Validação de Instrumentos Psicológicos entre Culturas: Algumas Considerações

Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults.

Preoperative predictors of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery

O conceito de coping: uma revisão teórica

Qualidade de vida e espiritualidade