Recent progress in the development of diesel surrogate fuels

In a preceding project, functional forms for “short” Helmholtz energy equations of state for typical nonpolar and weakly polar fluids and for typical polar fluids were developed using simultaneous optimization. In this work, the coefficients of these short forms for the equations of state have been fitted for the fluids acetone, carbon monoxide, carbonyl sulfide, decane, hydrogen sulfide, 2-methylbutane (isopentane), 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane), 2-methylpentane (isohexane), krypton, nitrous oxide, nonane, sulfur dioxide, toluene, xenon, hexafluoroethane (R-116), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), octafluoropropane (R-218), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa), and fluoromethane (R-41). The 12 coefficients of the equations of state were fitted to substance specific data sets. The results show that simultaneously optimized functional forms can be applied to other fluids out of the same class of fluids for which they were optimized without significant loss of a...

Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids

https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/1018-2015-02-16-AppliedEnergy143.pdf

Temperature-dependent thermal properties of solid/liquid phase change even-numbered n-alkanes: n-Hexadecane, n-octadecane and n-eicosane

Applicability of room temperature liquids (RTILs) as diluents in the solvent extraction of f-elements is reviewed. Characteristics of selected RTILs, important for such an application, are gathered. Properties tabulated are the melting and freezing points, density, mutual solubility with water, viscosity, surface tension, specific conductivity, and radiation stability. Properties such as environmental compatibility, toxicity, chemical and thermal stability, biodegradability, and chemical degradability imply that RTILs are not harmless to the environment or to work safety. The extraction efficiency and mechanism in systems involving RTILs is described, discussed, and compared with systems involving molecular diluents. Particularly assessed is the extraction of nitric acid by RTILs alone and TBP, the extraction of U(VI), Ce(IV), Pu(IV), Am(III), and lanthanides(III) by RTILs alone, the extraction of U(VI), Ce(IV), actinides(III,IV), and lanthanides(III) by solvating O-donors, the extraction of Eu(III) by a ...

Ionic Liquids: How Far Do they Extend the Potential of Solvent Extraction of f-Elements?

We report the results of simultaneous measurements of the viscosity and density of five pure hydrocarbon liquids (octane, decane, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) at temperatures between (298.15 and 473.15) K and at pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to approximately 200 MPa. The measurements were made with a vibrating-wire instrument, and the estimated expanded relative uncertainties are ± 2 % for viscosity and ± 0.2 % for density with a coverage factor of 2. The densities were correlated by means of a modified Tait equation, while the viscosities were correlated both with the theory of Dymond and Assael and in terms of an empirical function of temperature and pressure. We also present correlations of the viscosity of dodecane and octadecane based on results that we published previously [Caudwell et al. Int. J. Thermophys. 2004, 25, 1340−1352]. Extensive comparisons with literature data are presented.

Viscosity and Density of Five Hydrocarbon Liquids at Pressures up to 200 MPa and Temperatures up to 473 K

A vibrating-wire instrument for simultaneous measurement of the density and viscosity of liquids under conditions of high pressure is described. The instrument is capable of operation at temperatures between 298.15 and 473.15 K at pressures up to 200 MPa. Calibration was performed by means of measurements in vacuum, air, and toluene at 298.15 K. For n-dodecane measurements were made along eight isotherms between 298.15 and 473.15 K at pressures up to 200 MPa while for n-octadecane measurements were measured along seven isotherms between 323.15 and 473.15 K at pressures up to 90 MPa. The estimated uncertainty of the results is 2% in viscosity and 0.2% in density. Comparisons with literature data are presented.

Derek R. Caudwell

Papers

The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 MPa and Temperatures up to 473 K

Viscosity and Density of Five Hydrocarbon Liquids at Pressures up to 200 MPa and Temperatures up to 473 K

A robust vibrating wire viscometer for reservoir fluids: results for toluene and n-decane