The dental professional should be familiar with the differences of number of root and root canal system anatomy, which at some aspects provides specific dental anomalies of tooth and helpful in analysing in the clinical field. The main aim for patients and doctors is to relive pain and maintain natural teeth with similar morphology. Root canal therapy is mostly the treatment of choice for teeth with pulpal and periradicular affected teeth. Effective treatment is required for good mechanical and chemical cleaning and shaping and provides a compact obturation under aseptic conditions with an inert filling material.The major reason for endodontic failure is the existence of untreated canals. A detailed diagnosis of the root canal system anatomy is a requirement for effective treatment of root canals. This review shows incidence of root and root canal variations in maxillary second molars. The presence of root canal orifices helps in diagnosis of preoperative radiographs and examination of the pulp.

https://cibg.org.au/article_10164_3d164ac92dc8c3cf63d2e3bf000234b4.pdf

Variations in The Number of Roots and Root Canals in Maxillary Second Molars- A Review of Literature

Tooth whitening has become one of the most frequently requested dental procedures by the public and the public has come to demand more whiter teeth, and a perfect smile. These include home-based products such as toothpastes, gels, and in-office based highly concentrated bleaching agents are applied under professional supervision. The profession and public have been aware of certain risks related to tooth whitening such as increased tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. New research has shown that there are other risks such as tooth surface roughening, increased potential for demineralization, degradation of dental restorations, and unacceptable color change of dental restorations. The research is also focused on optimizing whitening procedures to reduce tooth sensitivity and to increase the persistence of the whitening. The aim of the study is to find the association between age and gender of patients undergoing tooth whitening. A total of 89000 cases were reviewed between June 2019 to March 2020 for teeth whitening procedure. A sample size of 30 case sheets were reviewed and data was analysed using SPSS software. The results were represented in the form of graphs. Chi Square was done to find the association between age and gender of patients who had undergone tooth whitening procedure and association was found to be statistically not significant (p>0.05). However there the association between the age and gender of the patient and type of bleaching procedure was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There are various treatment modalities available for tooth whitening. Dentists should educate patients about the benefits and risks of different whitening methods based on the current research and to suggest the best treatment option based on a correct diagnosis.

https://cibg.org.au/article_8173_2f268b1ba0c491b5a60a029c68a2801f.pdf

Association Between Age and Gender of Patients Underwent Tooth Whitening procedure

Background :Development of dental materials plays a significant role in dental practice from mechanically focused to a more biologically focused dentistry. Repair or replacement of dental restorations is one of the most common procedures performed by the dental practitioners. Defective composite restoration was replaced but more conservative treatment like repair has been advocated in the recent past. Aim :The aim of the present study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice on management of defective composite restoration among dentists in chennai. Methods :A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in 2020 among dental practitioners in chennai. Survey questionnaires were prepared, using an online survey portal and it was distributed randomly to 105 dentists via google forms. The obtained results were statistically analysed using SPSS and the graphs were plotted. Results :Majority of the participants considered that repair was less time consuming and most of the respondents agreed that repair increased the longevity of a previously restored defective composite restoration. The obtained results state that repair of composite restoration is practiced more widely than replacement.There was no significant association between the field of practice of the dentists (specialists/ general practitioners) and their response to the question for the majority of the survey questions Conclusion :Based on the results of this survey, majority of dentists perform repair of composite restoration rather than replacement to treat small defects in composite restoration.

https://cibg.org.au/article_10173_e8d92dcd3d9fede57cabe107d814a246.pdf

Kap Survey on Management Of Defective Composite Restorations Among Dental Practitioners In Chennai

Introduction: Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's oral cavity neat, clean in order to avoid any disease initiation, progression Oral health approaches should be customized to the lifestyles of children, and adults in order to enable them to improve personal oral hygiene and oral health Aim: The purpose of the study was to know about the awareness and practice of oral hygiene among the general population and maintenance of oral health among the adult population in the present COVID situation It has been difficult in obtaining dental treatment in the current COVID situation as the pandemic peaks high every day At home, hygiene awareness is important Methodology: A total of nearly 200 participants were requested to participate in the study The questionnaire had 20 items which were designed in such a way to evaluate the awareness and attitude of oral hygiene in the current COVID situation A small population of Chennai of 174 was aware of oral hygiene, especially during the current COVID-19 situations Results: Results showed that [50 8%] of this particular age group felt that oral hygiene was as important as general measures, [81%] of the study population felt dental treatment is more important when compared to other medical treatments Pearson Chi-square test value 9 372;p-value = 0 154 (>0 05) which is statistically not significant Nowadays even though we have advanced in awareness of oral health care, it's not yet reached the entire population Conclusion: Most of the people these days are aware of the basic oral hygiene techniques and show a responsible attitude towards these procedures But there exists a circle of the population who are not aware of various oral hygiene methods This may lead to poor oral health care © 2020, Radiance Research Academy All rights reserved

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A survey on chennai population on awareness and practice on importance of oral hygiene in present covid-19 situation

Aim and introductionThe present world is facing the challenge due to the widespread of the coronavirus pandemic which is known as COVID-19. It is a life threatening disease. This disease is caused due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus is the first respiratory disease. This disease is caused due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 188 countries were affected by this disease. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan in China in the year 2019. The main aim of this study is to assess the awareness, knowledge and perception on the prevention and cure for COVID-19 among dental students. Materials and Method:Self-administrated questionnaire was designed based on awareness. The questionnaire was distributed through an online Google forms link. The study population included dental students belonging to the 18 – 26 age group. Method of representation of each output variable was in pie chart and bar graph. The statistics was done using SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. The survey was completed in the month of may 2020 Result:84.3% were aware of the pandemic disease that prevails worldwide today. Survey revealed that a majority of the participants were aware of the preventive measures to fight the infection.Male participants strongly believe that lock down can be the best preventive measure for covid infection than females and it was statistically significant(p<0.05) Conclusion:This survey proves that the majority of the participants were aware about the preventive measures to be taken to avoid COVID 19 that prevails worldwide , and also found that both male and female students were equally aware of the same.Male participants strongly believe that lockdown can be the best preventive measure for covid infection than females and it was statistically significant

https://cibg.org.au/article_10165_e6aa9df201dc0042dd5309cb2586c92c.pdf

Knowledge, Awareness and Perception on The Prevention and Cure for Covid 19 Among Dental Students - A Survey

Pulp canal obliteration occurs commonly following traumatic injuries to teeth. Dental trauma to the permanent dentition can lead to clinical complications and its management may considerably challenge a practitioner. One such complication is Calcific Metamorphosis (CM) which can complicate entry in to the root canal system in the future due to difficulty in accessing the canal. It is the Calcific deposits of the pulp chamber that causes the darker hue, translucency loss and the yellowish appearance of the tooth's crown. Locating the canal and negotiating it to full working length may lead to iatrogenic errors such as fractured instrument and perforation. It is characterised by the deposition of hard tissue within the root canal space and a yellow discolouration of the crown. The affected teeth do not always react to sensibility tests for some time. Teeth undergoing pulpal obliteration are generally asymptomatic. The negotiation of small calcified canals is challenging.

Dhinesh Kumar

Papers

Calcified Canal and Negotiation-A Review