1. Interaction. The interactions learners have with each other build interpersonal skills, such as listening, politely interrupting, expressing ideas, raising questions, disagreeing, paraphrasing, negotiating, and asking for help. 2. Interdependence. Learners must depend on one another to accomplish a common objective. Each group member has specific tasks to complete, and successful completion of each member’s tasks results in attaining the overall group objective.

将“Cooperative Learning”融入课堂——浅谈英语素质教育

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound. The organic light-emitting devices using the heterocyclic compounds have high-efficiency, low driving voltage, high luminance and long lifespan.

Organic light-emitting device

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-IR spectroscopy applied to soil compositional analysis started to develop markedly in the 1990s, taking advantage of earlier advances in instrumentation and chemometrics for agricultural products. Today, NIR spectroscopy is envisioned as replacing laboratory analysis in certain applications (e.g., soil-carbon-credit assessment at the farm level). However, accuracy is still unsatisfactory compared with standard laboratory procedures, leading some authors to think that such a challenge will never be met.

This article investigates the critical points to be aware of when accuracy of NIR-based measurements is assessed. First is the decomposition of the standard error of prediction into components of bias and variance, only the latter being reducible by averaging. This decomposition is not used routinely in the soil-science literature. Contrarily, a log-normal distribution of reference values is very often encountered with soil samples [e.g., elemental concentrations (e.g., carbon)] with numerous small or zero values. These very skewed distributions make us take precautions when using inverse regression methods (e.g., principal component regression or partial least squares), which force the predictions towards the centre of the calibration set, leading to negative effects on the standard error prediction – and therefore on prediction accuracy – especially when log-normal distributions are encountered. Such distributions, which are very common for soil components, also make the ratio of performance to deviation a useless, even hazardous, tool, leading to erroneous conclusions.

We propose a new index based on the quartiles of the empirical distribution – ratio of performance to inter-quartile distance – to overcome this problem.

Critical review of chemometric indicators commonly used for assessing the quality of the prediction of soil attributes by NIR spectroscopy

An organic light-emitting display includes a first substrate which includes a pixel region, and an encapsulation region which surrounds the pixel region, an organic light-emitting device which is located in the pixel region, a sealant which is located in the encapsulation region, and a dummy metal which is interposed between the first substrate and the sealant, where the encapsulation region includes a first encapsulation region and a second encapsulation region which is adjacent to the first encapsulation region, and the dummy metal is located in the first encapsulation region.

Organic light emitting display

Novel tricarbazole compounds are provided. By appropriately selecting the nature of the tricarbazole substituents, compounds with appropriate HOMO and LUMO energies can be obtained for use as materials in a secondary hole transport layer.

Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices

The present specification provides a hetero-cyclic compound and an organic light emitting device including the hetero-cyclic compound.

Hetero-cyclic compound and organic light emitting device comprising the same

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling has been implicated in several human neoplasms. However, the role of serum levels of IGFs in lung cancer risk is controversial. We assessed the role of tissue-derived IGFs in lung carcinogenesis. We found that IGF-I and IGF-II levels in bronchial tissue specimens containing high-grade dysplasia were significantly higher than in those containing normal epithelium, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. Derivatives of human bronchial epithelial cell lines with activation mutation in KRAS (V12) or loss of p53 overexpressed IGF-I and IGF-II. The transformed characteristics of these cells were significantly suppressed by inactivation of IGF-IR or inhibition of IGF-I or IGF-II expression but enhanced by overexpression of IGF-IR or exposure to the tobacco carcinogens (TC) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo( a )pyrene. We further determined the role of IGF-IR signaling in lung tumorigenesis by determining the antitumor activities of the selective IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor cis -3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo [1,5- a ]pyrazin-8-ylamine using an in vitro progressive cell system and an in vivo mouse model with a lung-specific IGF-I transgene after exposure to TCs, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo( a )pyrene. Our results show that airway epithelial cells produce IGFs in an autocrine or paracrine manner, and these IGFs act jointly with TCs to enhance lung carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the use of selective IGF-IR inhibitors may be a rational approach to controlling lung cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7439–48]

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/69/18/7439.full.pdf

Elevated Epithelial Insulin-like Growth Factor Expression Is a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer Development

The present invention provides a novel heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device using the same. A compound represented by chemical formula 1 can be used as a material of an organic material layer of the organic light-emitting device, and can improve the efficiency, the driving voltage and/or the lifetime characteristics of the organic light-emitting device.

Novel hetero-cyclic compound and organic light emitting device comprising the same

Provided is a novel compound which is represented by chemical formula 1 and is capable of remarkably increasing thermal stability, electrochemical stability, efficiency, and lifespan in organic electronic devices. Also, provided is an organic electronic device in which the compound is contained in an organic layer.

Hetero-cyclic compound and organic electronic device comprising the same

An array substrate includes a display area including a plurality of pixels coupled to a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines; a data driving unit, coupled to a fan-out unit and configured to drive the data lines; a first switching circuit between the display area and the data driving unit and configured to control the data lines to share electric charges in an image display mode; and a second switching circuit coupled to the fan-out unit via a fuse unit and configured to be disconnected from the fan-out unit in the image display mode.

Dong-Hoon Lee

Papers

Hetero-cyclic compound and organic light emitting device comprising the same

Elevated Epithelial Insulin-like Growth Factor Expression Is a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer Development

Novel hetero-cyclic compound and organic light emitting device comprising the same

Hetero-cyclic compound and organic electronic device comprising the same

Array substrate, display device including the same and method of operating the display device