Control of spontaneously emitted light lies at the heart of quantum optics. It is essential for diverse applications ranging from miniature lasers and light-emitting diodes, to single-photon sources for quantum information, and to solar energy harvesting. To explore such new quantum optics applications, a suitably tailored dielectric environment is required in which the vacuum fluctuations that control spontaneous emission can be manipulated. Photonic crystals provide such an environment: they strongly modify the vacuum fluctuations, causing the decay of emitted light to be accelerated or slowed down, to reveal unusual statistics, or to be completely inhibited in the ideal case of a photonic bandgap. Here we study spontaneous emission from semiconductor quantum dots embedded in inverse opal photonic crystals. We show that the spectral distribution and time-dependent decay of light emitted from excitons confined in the quantum dots are controlled by the host photonic crystal. Modified emission is observed over large frequency bandwidths of 10%, orders of magnitude larger than reported for resonant optical microcavities. Both inhibited and enhanced decay rates are observed depending on the optical emission frequency, and they are controlled by the crystals’ lattice parameter. Our experimental results provide a basis for all-solid-state dynamic control
of optical quantum systems.

Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals

Metal halide perovskites represent a flourishing area of research, driven by both their potential application in photo-voltaics and optoelectronics, and for the fundamental science underpinning their unique optoelectronic properties. The advent of colloidal methods for the synthesis of halide perovskite nanocrystals has brought to the attention inter-esting aspects of this new type of materials, above all their defect-tolerance. This review aims to provide an updated survey of this fast-moving field, with a main focus on their colloidal synthesis. We examine the chemistry and the ca-pability of different colloidal synthetic routes to control the shape, size and optical properties of the resulting nano-crystals. We also provide an up to date overview of their post-synthesis transformations, and summarize the various so-lution processes aimed at fabricating halide perovskite-based nanocomposites. We then review the fundamental optical properties of halide perovskite nanocrystals, by focusing on their linear optical properties, on the effects of quantum confinement and, then, on the current knowledge of their exciton binding energies. We also discuss the emergence of non-linear phenomena such as multiphoton absorption, biexcitons and carrier multiplication. At last, we provide an outlook in the field, with the most cogent open questions and possible future directions.

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Post-Synthesis Modifications and Their Optical Properties

Metal halide perovskites represent a flourishing area of research, which is driven by both their potential application in photovoltaics and optoelectronics and by the fundamental science behind their unique optoelectronic properties. The emergence of new colloidal methods for the synthesis of halide perovskite nanocrystals, as well as the interesting characteristics of this new type of material, has attracted the attention of many researchers. This review aims to provide an up-to-date survey of this fast-moving field and will mainly focus on the different colloidal synthesis approaches that have been developed. We will examine the chemistry and the capability of different colloidal synthetic routes with regard to controlling the shape, size, and optical properties of the resulting nanocrystals. We will also provide an up-to-date overview of their postsynthesis transformations, and summarize the various solution processes that are aimed at fabricating halide perovskite-based nanocomposites. Furthermore, we...

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Post-Synthesis Modifications, and Their Optical Properties.

Beyond the unprecedented success achieved in photovoltaics (PVs), lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have shown great potential in other optoelectronic devices. Among them, nanometer-scale perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with fascinating optical properties including high brightness, tunable emission wavelength, high color purity, and high defect tolerance have been regarded as promising alternative down-conversion materials in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) for lighting and next-generation of display technology. Despite the promising applications of perovskite materials in various fields, they have received strong criticism for the lack of stability. The poor stability has also attracted much attention. Within a few years, numerous strategies towards enhancing the stability have been developed. This review summarizes the mechanisms of intrinsic- and extrinsic-environment-induced decomposition of PQDs. Simultaneously, the strategies for improving the stability of PQDs are reviewed in detail, which can be classified into four types: (1) compositional engineering; (2) surface engineering; (3) matrix encapsulation; (4) device encapsulation. Finally, the challenges for applying PQDs in pc-LEDs are highlighted, and some possible solutions to improve the stability of PQDs together with suggestions for further improving the performance of pc-LEDs as well as the device lifetime are provided.

/pdf/an-overview-on-enhancing-the-stability-of-lead-halide-23z3j683ie.pdf

An overview on enhancing the stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots and their applications in phosphor-converted LEDs

Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.

State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Quantum cutting can realize the emission of multiple near-infrared photons for each ultraviolet/visible photon absorbed, and has potential to significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. However, due to the lack of an ideal downconversion material, it has merely served as a principle in the laboratory until now. Here, the fabrication of a novel type of quantum cutting material, CsPbCl1.5 Br1.5 :Yb3+ , Ce3+ nanocrystals is presented. Benefiting from the larger absorption cross-section, weaker electron-phonon coupling, and higher inner luminescent quantum yield (146%), the doped perovskite nanocrystals are successfully explored as a downconverter of commercial silicon solar cells (SSCs). Noticeably, the PCE of the SSCs is improved from 18.1% to 21.5%, with a relative enhancement of 18.8%. This work exhibits a cheap, convenient, and effective way to enhance the PCE of SSCs, which may be commercially popularized in the future.

Cerium and Ytterbium Codoped Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Novel and Efficient Downconverter for Improving the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells.

Pollution triggered by highly toxic heavy metal ions has become of worldwide critical concern; thus, it is urgent to develop an eco-friendly and nontoxic fluorescence probe for metal ions sensing. ...

Europium-Doped Lead-Free Cs3Bi2Br9 Perovskite Quantum Dots and Ultrasensitive Cu2+ Detection

Plasmonic Photonic Crystals Induced Two‐Order Fluorescence Enhancement of Blue Perovskite Nanocrystals and Its Application for High‐Performance Flexible Ultraviolet Photodetectors

Due to the ultrathin structure, functional groups and excellent physical-chemical properties, Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes shows great potential for biomedical applications. Here, we prepared TiO2 inverse opal photonic crystals (IOPCs)/Ti3C2 quantum dots (QDs) composite film through the self-assembly method. Because of the widen absorption band of Ti3C2 QDs, TiO2 IOPCs/Ti3C2 composite film could have photocurrent effect from 280 to 900 nm, and the internal power conversion efficiency could reach to 26% at 350 nm. Owing to favourable energy levels, Ti3C2 QDs were formed the Type-II Heterojunction with TiO2, thus enabling directional transport charge for efficient charge separation. The Type-II Heterojunction photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor consisting of TiO2/Ti3C2/Nafion electrode exhibited high stability, sensitivity, and selectivity for the detection of glutathione in buffered solution and cell extracts. Thus, the TiO2/Ti3C2/Nafion composite film provides a promising green electrode for sensitive PEC detection, which could realize some potential applications for disease early precaution and diagnose.

Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots/TiO2 inverse opal heterojunction electrode platform for superior photoelectrochemical biosensing

Recently, various lanthanide ions (Ln3+) have been successfully doped into perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), and the quantum-cutting emission of 2F5/2-2F7/2 for Yb3+with a measurable inner efficiency of more than 100% has been discovered and applied as the luminescent converter of solar cells, which has opened a new branch for the application of PQDs. In this work, to further improve the quantum-cutting efficiency of Yb3+, the codoping and tridoping methods were used to improve the quantum-cutting emission of PQDs. The Yb3+-Ln3+ (Ln = Nd, Dy, Tb, Pr, Ce) pair-doped CsPbClxBryI3-x-y PQDs were fabricated, with all displaying excitonic emission, narrow-band emission of Ln3+ ions, and quantum-cutting emission of Yb3+ ions. It was interesting that Yb3+-Pr3+ as well as Yb3+-Ce3+ pairs could effectively sensitize the emission of Yb3+, owing to Pr3+ and Ce3+ ions offering intermediate energy states close to the exciton transition energy of the PQDs. After host composition optimization and tridoping investigation, overall emissions with a 173% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) were obtained in the Yb3+-Pr3+-Ce3+-tridoped CsPbClBr2 PQDs. Then, the tridoped PQDs were designed as the down-converter for CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) as well as the silicon solar cells, which leads to an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of as high as ∼20%. The modified CIGS was further employed to charge the smart mobile phone, which could largely shorten the charging time from 180 to 150 min. This finding is of great significant for expanding the application fields of the impurity-doped PQDs.

Impact of Host Composition, Codoping, or Tridoping on Quantum-Cutting Emission of Ytterbium in Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots and Solar Cell Applications.

Dongyu Li

Papers

Cerium and Ytterbium Codoped Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Novel and Efficient Downconverter for Improving the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells.

Europium-Doped Lead-Free Cs3Bi2Br9 Perovskite Quantum Dots and Ultrasensitive Cu2+ Detection

Plasmonic Photonic Crystals Induced Two‐Order Fluorescence Enhancement of Blue Perovskite Nanocrystals and Its Application for High‐Performance Flexible Ultraviolet Photodetectors

Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots/TiO2 inverse opal heterojunction electrode platform for superior photoelectrochemical biosensing

Impact of Host Composition, Codoping, or Tridoping on Quantum-Cutting Emission of Ytterbium in Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots and Solar Cell Applications.