Water quality for agriculture , Water quality for agriculture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Water quality for agriculture

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(07)60076-2.pdf

Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries

Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals

At present and more so in the future, irrigated agriculture will take place under water scarcity. Insufficient water supply for irrigation will be the norm rather than the exception, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity. To cope with scarce supplies, deficit irrigation, defined as the application of water below full crop-water requirements (evapotranspiration), is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing irrigation water use. While deficit irrigation is widely practised over millions of hectares for a number of reasons—from inadequate network design to excessive irrigation expansion relative to catchment supplies—it has not received sufficient attention in research. Its use in reducing water consumption for biomass production, and for irrigation of annual and perennial crops is reviewed here. There is potential for improving water productivity in many field crops and there is sufficient information for defining the best deficit irrigation strategy for many situations. One conclusion is that the level of irrigation supply under deficit irrigation should be relatively high in most cases, one that permits achieving 60–100% of full evapotranspiration. Several cases on the successful use of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in fruit trees and vines are reviewed, showing that RDI not only increases water productivity, but also farmers’ profits. Research linking the physiological basis of these responses to the design of RDI strategies is likely to have a significant impact in increasing its adoption in water-limited areas.

Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use

http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/Abdel-Raouf%20et%20al%2C2012.pdf

Microalgae and wastewater treatment.

The vast number of people without sanitation raises the question why this is so. It cannot be a lack of adequate sanitation technologies as these exist for all situations from dispersed rural communities to high‐density low‐income urban areas. Nor cannot it be money as development banks will readily fund a well‐prepared sanitation proposal. The real sanitation problem must surely lie with those developing‐country governments who have shown little commitment in practice to sanitation despite international sanitation advocacy since 1980. Their lack of commitment is clearly shown in the number of ‘open defecators’ in the world today. There are fortunately some countries that have done well: Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, for example, but they are a clear minority.

/pdf/sanitation-what-s-the-real-problem-1jcvyjss0f.pdf

Sanitation: What's the Real Problem?

Research on waste stabilisation ponds in the United Kingdom--initial results from pilot-scale facultative ponds.

http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/Water/R7535-simplified_sewerage_manual_full.pdf

Duncan Mara

Papers

Sanitation: What's the Real Problem?

Research on waste stabilisation ponds in the United Kingdom--initial results from pilot-scale facultative ponds.

PC-based Simplified Sewer Design

Efficiency of Faecal Bacterial Removal in Waste Stabilisation Ponds in Kenya

Ammonia removal in a pilot-scale WSP complex in Northeast Brazil