The physics of pyroelectric detectors is reviewed, including a discussion of response and electronic noise and their dependence on device design and material parameters Other sources of noise are described, particularly as generated by environmental effects such as microphony, together with techniques for their minimisation The range of ferroelectric materials which have been assessed for use in pyroelectric detectors is reviewed and their properties compared, particularly from the aspect of application to different types of devices Finally, an account is given of the wide range of applications for which pyroelectric detectors have been used, including a detailed description of both the pyroelectric vidicon and pyroelectric arrays and their application to thermal imagers

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/49/12/002/pdf

Pyroelectric devices and materials

Precursor Chemistry for Main Group Elements in Semiconducting Materials

The physics of pyroelectric infra red detectors as it applies to the selection of detector materials is briefly reviewed and the properties of a number of the more commonly used materials are compared. The use of ferroelectrics in the region of the Curie temperature as dielectric bolometers with an applied bias field is assessed and the properties of barium strontium titanate and lead magnesium niobate for use in this mode are reported and their potential compared with the conventional pyroelectrics.

Ferroelectric materials for thermal IR detectors

Phase Diagrams of Quasibinary Systems of the Type: ABX3 — A′BX3; ABX3 — AB′X3, and ABX3 — ABX′3; X = Halogen

Measurements are presented of the electrical double layer and van der Waals forces between the (0001) surfaces of two single-crystal sapphire platelets immersed in an aqueous solution of NaCl at pH values from 6.7 to 11. The results fit the standard Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, with a Hamaker constant of 6.7 × 10−20 J. These are the first measurements made using the Israelachvili surface forces apparatus without mica as a substrate material, and they demonstrate the possibility of using this technique to explore the surface chemistry of a wider range of materials.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0884291400002612

Direct measurement of surface forces between sapphire crystals in aqueous solutions

The growth of large area, uniformly doped TGS crystals

The authors report preliminary results on the use of a novel metal-organic precursor molecule-dimethyl indium ditertiarybutyl phosphine-for the co-evaporated growth of epitaxial indium phosphide by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy. It is shown that indium-rich growth occurs at all substrate temperatures studied but that stoichiometric growth is only possible at 480 degrees C with simultaneous incident flux of dissociated phosphine.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0268-1242/3/10/016/pdf

Dimethyl indium ditertiarybutyl phosphine: a novel precursor for the growth of indium phosphide by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy

Three potentially useful electro-optic organic materials have been grown as good optical quality single crystals of up to 30 mm length inside hollow glass fibres of 35 to 50μm i.d. Capillary attraction was used to fill the fibres and a furnace with small cross-sectional area was designed for the recrystallization of the material inside. The crystallization process is fast and only 0.5 g purified material is needed, thus making the technique attractive for the rapid assessment of the electro-optic properties of many organic materials.

E. A. D. White

Papers

The growth of large area, uniformly doped TGS crystals

Dimethyl indium ditertiarybutyl phosphine: a novel precursor for the growth of indium phosphide by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy

Crystal growth of organic materials in glass capillaries

Novel precursors for the growth of III–V semiconductors by MOVPE

Second harmonic generation in organic crystals