Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline

This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

3.10 - Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization

Carbon dioxide is a clean and versatile solvent for the synthesis and processing of a range of materials. This review focuses on recent advances in polymer synthesis and processing using liquid and supercritical CO2. The synthetic techniques discussed include homogeneous solution polymerisation, precipitation polymerisation, dispersion and emulsion polymerisation, and bulk polycondensation. The formation of porous polymers and polymer blends is also considered, and the specific advantages of CO2 in these processes are evaluated in each case. The use of CO2 as a solvent for polymer processing is reviewed from a materials perspective, with particular attention being given to the formation of polymers with well defined morphologies. The variable solvent strength associated with supercritical fluids has been utilised in areas such as polymer fractionation and polymer extraction. Plasticisation phenomena have been exploited for the impregnation and heterogeneous chemical modification of polymeric materials. The formation of microcellular polymer foams by pressure induced phase separation is considered, as is the use of CO2 for polymer particle formation, spray coating, and microlithography. The aim of the review is to highlight the wide range of opportunities available to the materials chemist through the use of carbon dioxide as an alternative solvent.

/pdf/polymer-synthesis-and-processing-using-supercritical-carbon-7fmot911t0.pdf

Polymer synthesis and processing using supercritical carbon dioxide

The kinetics of sorption of three basic dyes, namely, Chrysoidine (BO2), Astrazon Blue (BB3) and Astrazone Blue (BB69) onto sphagnum moss peat have been investigated. The study focuses on the application of three sorption kinetic models for predicting the uptake of basic dyes. The sorption behaviour is found to be second order, based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order mechanism. The rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium capacity and initial sorption rate with the effect of various peat doses and initial dye concentrations have also been predicted.

The kinetics of sorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution by sphagnum moss peat

An updated review on suspension polymerization is presented. The time period from 1991 to 1995 is stressed, as well as research articles or reports not considered in previous reviews. Our review is aimed at providing a sound basis for the theoretical background required to build an effective model for the particle size distribution (PSD) in suspension polymerization. All major phenomena that affect the PSD are considered, and a proposed approach to develop an accurate, yet simple, model is included. Most of the experimental information in this review is related to the styrene/divinylbenzene copolymerization system, although the ideas and models are not exclusive to this system.

An Updated Review on Suspension Polymerization

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Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing

A kinetic model incorporating effects of diffusion-controlled reactions on atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was developed. The reactions considered to be diffusion-controlled are monomer propagation, bimolecular radical termination, chain transfer between propagating radical and catalyst, and transfer to small molecules. Model predictions indicate that a diffusion-controlled propagation reduces the “living” behavior of the system, whereas a diffusion-controlled termination enhances its livingness. When diffusion-controlled transfer between chains and catalyst is considered the same in the forward and backward directions, the livingness of the system is enhanced, but if one of them is kept unchanged while the other is increased, the livingness of the system is reduced. When diffusion-controlled termination is important, our simulations show that the overall effect of diffusion-controlled phenomena in ATRP is to enhance the livingness of the system. Experimental data from the literature for styrene, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate ATRP homopolymerizations validate the kinetic model.

Effects of diffusion-controlled reactions on atom-transfer radical polymerization

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/117239.pdf

A new lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction process combining thermo-mechano chemical action and bio-catalytic enzymatic hydrolysis in a twin-screw extruder

Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima

Papers

An Updated Review on Suspension Polymerization

Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing

Effects of diffusion-controlled reactions on atom-transfer radical polymerization

A new lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction process combining thermo-mechano chemical action and bio-catalytic enzymatic hydrolysis in a twin-screw extruder

Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing: Saldívar-Guerra/Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing