The concept of self-efficacy is receiving increasing recognition as a predictor of health behavior change and maintenance. The purpose of this article is to facilitate a clearer understanding of both the concept and its relevance for health education research and practice. Self-efficacy is first defined and distinguished from other related concepts. Next, studies of the self-efficacy concept as it relates to health practices are examined. This review focuses on cigarette smoking, weight control, contraception, alcohol abuse and exercise behaviors. The studies reviewed suggest strong relationships between self-efficacy and health behavior change and maintenance. Experimental manipulations of self-efficacy suggest that efficacy can be enhanced and that this enhancement is related to subsequent health behavior change. The findings from these studies also suggest methods for modifying health practices. These methods diverge from many of the current, traditional methods for changing health practices. Recommend...

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The Role of Self-Efficacy in Achieving Health Behavior Change

The measurement of satisfaction with healthcare: implications for practice from a systematic review of the literature.

Objective
To explore and evaluate the most common factors causing therapeutic non-compliance.

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Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective.

This article summarizes the results of 41 independent studies containing correlates of objectively measured provider behaviors in medical encounters. Provider behaviors were grouped a priori into the process categories of information giving, questions, competence, partnership building, and socioemotional behavior. Total amount of communication was also included. All correlations between variables within these categories and external variables (patient outcome variables or patient and provider background variables) were extracted. The most frequently occurring outcome variables were satisfaction, recall, and compliance, and the most frequently occurring background variables were the patient's gender, age, and social class. Average correlations and combined significance levels were calculated for each combination of process category and external variable. Results showed significant relations of small to moderate average magnitude between these external variables and almost all of the provider behavior categories. A theory of provider-patient reciprocation is proposed to account for the pattern of results.

Meta-analysis of correlates of provider behavior in medical encounters.

BACKGROUND: Individual counselling from a smoking cessation specialist may help smokers to make a successful attempt to stop smoking OBJECTIVES: The objective of the review is to determine the effects of individual counselling SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register for studies with counsel* in any field Date of the most recent search: October 1998 SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials with at least one treatment arm consisting of face to face individual counselling from a health care worker not involved in routine clinical care The outcome was smoking cessation at follow-up at least six months after the start of counselling DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both reviewers extracted data The intervention and population, method of randomisation and completeness of follow-up were recorded MAIN RESULTS: We identified eleven trials Ten compared individual counselling to a minimal intervention, two compared two intensities of counselling, and one compared individual counselling to group therapy Individual counselling was more effective than control The odds ratio for successful smoking cessation was 155 (95% confidence interval 127 to 190) There was no evidence that more intensive counselling was more effective than brief counselling (odds ratio 117, 95% confidence interval 059 to 234) There was no evidence of a difference in effect between individual counselling and group therapy (odds ratio 133, 95% confidence interval 083 to 213) REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation counselling can assist smokers to quit

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Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation

The effects of physician communications skills on patient satisfaction; Recall, and adherence

A 2×2 randomized, factorial pretest/posttest group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of self-help smoking cessation methods at the worksite. The study investigated the effect of a multicomponent health education and skill intervention versus the effect of a monetary incentive to the employee for quitting. All employees received, in addition, a standardized self-help smoking cessation manual and maintenance manual. Following agreement to participate and a baseline smoking history, all participants were followed for 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Saliva was obtained for thiocyanate (SCN) analysis of smoking status. Of the estimated 2000 smokers at the site, 387 smokers were recruited. Employees were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Results of this random trial indicate that those employees receiving a multicomponent program were most successful in quitting and remaining abstinent. The monetary incentive appears to have no effect on quit rate.

The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trail

Behavioral diagnosis: A practical approach to patient education

Eight principles from patient education research

Self-help is defined as "a process whereby a layperson functions on his/her own behalf in health promotion and prevention and in disease detection and treatment …" Evidence that benefits are derived for patients who subscribe to the self-care philosophy comes from research in the areas of (1) self-efficacy, (2) information sharing, (3) patient satisfaction, and (4) patient involvement. This article presents five criteria of educational self-help. These criteria are: (1) encouragement of client responsibility, (2) full disclosure of information pertaining to the illness, (3) training of the patient in decision-making skills, (4) use of peer educators, and (5) training of professionals to encourage self-help attitudes and behaviors of their patients. The asthma projects presented at the June 1981 meeting in Los Angeles, entitled Self-management Educational Programs for Childhood Asthma, are reviewed in terms of the above five criteria. Each program manifested varying numbers of criteria with different levels of expertise. Findings suggest that those programs that most completely incorporated these principles tended to be more effective in favorably influencing behavioral, physiologic, and financial outcomes.

https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(83)90481-5/pdf

Edward E. Bartlett

Papers

The effects of physician communications skills on patient satisfaction; Recall, and adherence

The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trail

Behavioral diagnosis: A practical approach to patient education

Eight principles from patient education research

Educational self-help approaches in childhood asthma