https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/ericyang/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev.%202004,%20248,%202337-2364.pdf

Copper in cross-coupling reactions: The post-Ullmann chemistry

Organic polymer substrates, for example polyolefins such as polypropylene, can be made flame retardant by the incorporation of a mixture of (i) at least one melamine based flame retardant and (ii) at least one flame retardant selected from the group consisting of the organohalogen and phosphorus containing flame retardants. Further optional flame retardants include antimony compounds and sterically hindered amines.

Flame retardant compositions

In a first aspect, organic coating compositions are provided, particularly spin-on antireflective coating compositions, that contain a polyester resin component. In a further aspect, coating compositions are provided that contain a resin component obtained by polymerization of a multi-hydroxy compound. Coating compositions of the invention are particularly useful employed in combination with an overcoated photoresist layer to manufacture integrated circuits.

Coating compositions for use with an overcoated photoresist

The bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of several phenols containing electron-withdrawing substituents in the para position have been determined by means of the EPR radical equilibration technique. It has been found that CN, NO2, CHO, COOR, and COOH induce an increase of the BDE value of the O−H bond, thus producing a worsening of the antioxidant activity of phenols, while Cl, Ph, and CHCHPh show an opposite effect. The contributions of these substituents for the calculation of the BDE values in polysubstituted phenols by using the group additivity rule have also been derived. It is shown that this rule provides quite reliable predictions of bond strengths, so that the method can be conveniently used to estimate new data on substituted phenols.

Determination of the Substituent Effect on the O−H Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of Phenolic Antioxidants by the EPR Radical Equilibration Technique

Two model urethane compounds, dibutyl 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl carbamate) (BMB) and dioctyl 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl carbamate) (OMO) were prepared by capping 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with n-butanol and n-octanol, respectively. The reactions of the two model urethane compounds with several small monofunctional compounds as well as two model poly(ethylene glycols) were carried out with neat mixtures at elevated temperatures. The ranking of reactivity of the functional groups with the urethanes was determined as follows—primary amine > secondary amine ≫ hydroxyl ∼ acid ∼ anhydride ≫ epoxide. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used for the quantitative analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to complement the NMR analysis. Conversions of carbamate in each reaction were monitored over time at constant temperature (200 °C). The reactions between OMO and primary amine were conducted at 170, 180, 190, and 200 °C and best described with a second-order bimolecular reaction model. The rate constant was estimated to be 1.8 × 10−3 L · mol−1 · s−1 and activation energy 115 kJ · mol−1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2310–2328, 2002

Reactivity of common functional groups with urethanes: Models for reactive compatibilization of thermoplastic polyurethane blends

The present invention is directed to a method of providing a thermally curable coating composition for to provide positive photoresists layers, underlayers for multiple layer resists, antireflective coatings, bottom layer antireflective coatins, dielectric layers, photoresist layers, hard mask etch stops, in the manufacture of integrated circuits More particularly, the present invention is directed to a method of using a thermally activable latent acid or a thermal acid generator, a N-benzylpyridinium or N-benzylanilinium salt of a strong acid, as a catalyst in a polymerizable composition suitable for preparing such coatings and layers The present invention is also directed to novel compositions comprising benzylpyridinium and benzylanilinium salts of a strong acid, such as sulfonic acid or disulfonic acid as thermal acid generators

Method of producing a crosslinked coating in the manufacture of integrated circuits

Substitution of unactivated aryl halides by thiolate anions in polyglymes

((Hydroxyphenyl)silane derivatives of the formula ##STR1## are effective in stabilizing organic materials against oxidative, thermal and actinic degradation, said derivatives being particularly effective as process stabilizers in organic materials containing phenolic antioxidants.

Hydroxyphenyl) silane stabilizers

3-(4-Hydroxyphenylthio)pyrrolidine-2,5-diones

Uncatalyzed coupling of the hydroxylamines (II) with the maleimides (I) yields the aminoxypyrrolidinones (III).

Edward T. Hessell

Papers

Method of producing a crosslinked coating in the manufacture of integrated circuits

Substitution of unactivated aryl halides by thiolate anions in polyglymes

Hydroxyphenyl) silane stabilizers

3-(4-Hydroxyphenylthio)pyrrolidine-2,5-diones

Conjugate addition of N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines: mechanism of O-alkylation by 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones