Meanwhile, the authors' antidote to the American sicknessa quest for democratic community that draws on our diverse civic and religious traditionshas contributed to a vigorous scholarly and popular debate. Attention has been focused on forms of social organization, be it civil society, democratic communitarianism, or associative democracy, that can humanize the market and the administrative state. In their new Introduction the authors relate the argument of their book both to the current realities of American society and to the growing debate about the country's future. With this new edition one of the most influential books of recent times takes on a new immediacy.\

Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life

Speech Genres and Other Late Essays

Objective
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is frequently used for various adult anxiety disorders, but there has been no systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. The present study meta-analytically reviewed the efficacy of CBT versus placebo for adult anxiety disorders.

/pdf/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-adult-anxiety-disorders-a-22ap7yoo5f.pdf

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials

ContextPanic disorder (PD) may be treated with drugs, psychosocial intervention,
or both, but the relative and combined efficacies have not been evaluated
in an unbiased fashion.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether drug and psychosocial therapies for PD are each
more effective than placebo, whether one treatment is more effective than
the other, and whether combined therapy is more effective than either therapy
alone.Design and SettingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted
in 4 anxiety research clinics from May 1991 to April 1998.PatientsA total of 312 patients with PD were included in the analysis.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive imipramine, up to 300 mg/d,
only (n=83); cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) only (n=77); placebo only
(n=24); CBT plus imipramine (n=65); or CBT plus placebo (n=63). Patients were
treated weekly for 3 months (acute phase); responders were then seen monthly
for 6 months (maintenance phase) and then followed up for 6 months after treatment
discontinuation.Main Outcome MeasuresTreatment response based on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS)
and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) by treatment group.ResultsBoth imipramine and CBT were significantly superior to placebo for the
acute treatment phase as assessed by the PDSS (response rates for the intent-to-treat
[ITT] analysis, 45.8%, 48.7%, and 21.7%; P=.05 and P=.03, respectively), but were not significantly different
for the CGI (48.2%, 53.9%, and 37.5%, respectively). After 6 months of maintenance,
imipramine and CBT were significantly more effective than placebo for both
the PDSS (response rates, 37.8%, 39.5%, and 13.0%, respectively; P=.02 for both) and the CGI (37.8%, 42.1%, and 13.0%, respectively).
Among responders, imipramine produced a response of higher quality. The acute
response rate for the combined treatment was 60.3% for the PDSS and 64.1%
for the CGI; neither was significantly different from the other groups. The
6-month maintenance response rate for combined therapy was 57.1% for the PDSS
(P=.04 vs CBT alone and P=.03
vs imipramine alone) and 56.3% for the CGI (P=.03
vs imipramine alone), but not significantly better than CBT plus placebo in
either analysis. Six months after treatment discontinuation, in the ITT analysis
CGI response rates were 41.0% for CBT plus placebo, 31.9% for CBT alone, 19.7%
for imipramine alone, 13% for placebo, and 26.3% for CBT combined with imipramine.ConclusionsCombining imipramine and CBT appeared to confer limited advantage acutely
but more substantial advantage by the end of maintenance. Each treatment worked
well immediately following treatment and during maintenance; CBT appeared
durable in follow-up.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/192707/joc90799.pdf

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

https://www.reed.edu/biology/professors/srenn/pages/teaching/2008_syllabus/2008_readings/1_MorganTromborg2008.pdf

Sources of stress in captivity

This paper describes an empirical study (n = 699) of occupational stress in a Scottish police force. The self-perceived stress associated with a variety of organizational and opearational stressors was examined along with the associated distress in the police officers in terms of symptoms of anxiety, somatic complaint, severe depression and social dysfunction. The analysis revealed that in spite of the potential that police work offers for exposure to adverse opeational situations such as violence or death, the highest levels of associated stress lie in relation to organizational factors such as officers' perceptions of staff shortages, inadequate resources, time pressures, lack of communication and work overload. Differential rates of perceived stress are reported accordng to gender, rank and working location. This paper further validates previsous research on stress in British police and addresses the situation from a Scottish perspective.

Self-perceived occupational stress and distress in a Scottish police force

Fluvoxamine, placebo, and cognitive behaviour therapy used alone and in combination in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia

To evaluate speculation indirectly suggesting that brief arousal may be beneficial to animals, 39 cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) living in 4 large families were observed (a) after normal husbandry procedures that excite them (capture and brief removal of infants or older monkeys), (b) after exposure to an over-flying bird model, and (c) compared with control days in which neither of the above occurred. Both arousal conditions caused a decrease in play and locomotion, and an increase in grooming and contact during the remainder of the day. These behavioral changes are similar to the patterns reported as positive effects of enrichment but are dissimilar to negative effects of long-term stressors reported. The pattern of changes in studies of enrichment and of stress enables more objective evaluation of ambiguous events.

Brief threatening events beneficial for captive tamarins

This paper investigates some of the issues which contribute to the lack of use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems. It presents findings from a two-year research study which examined the communication of 93 adolescent and adult AAC users with cerebral palsy and 186 of their communication partners. The methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews and field notes. The results show that some of the obstacles to effective use of AAC systems include lack of availability and accessibility of AAC systems, communication partners’ lack of knowledge of AAC systems, insufficient amount of therapy provided, type of vocabulary in AAC systems and other modes of communication available to AAC user.Cet article examine certains problemes qui contribuent au manque d'utilisation des systemes de Communication Augmentative et Alternative (abreviation anglaise: AAC). It presente les resultats de deux ans de recherches sur I'usage de I'AAC par 93 adolescents et adultes souffrant de paralysi...

AAC systems: obstacles to effective use.

Social representations of the individual are examined in three post-Communist Central European nations, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, and in three West European nations, i.e. Scotland, England and France. All six nations share a common European history since the Renaissance and Humanism, based on such values as freedom, agency, individual rights and individual responsibility. Many of these values were rejected by the Communist regimes in which people lived for 40 years. Extreme forms of individualism developed in certain West European nations during the same period. In view of these historical events we have asked the following questions: Do people in the post-Communist countries of Central Europe, after 40 years of totalitarian collectivism, still adhere to the values of the common European heritage? What is the meaning of ‘the individual’ today, in Western democracies and in Central European post-Communist nations? Which issues are important for the well-being of the individual and how do they relate to the political and economic circumstances of those individuals? The results show that the values of the common European heritage in Central Europe have not been destroyed and that factors relating to the well-being of the individual differ between the two parts of Europe. These data are discussed in terms of the political and economic situations in Central and Western Europe, the relationship between language and social representations and the structure of social representations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Eleanor Moodie

Papers

Self-perceived occupational stress and distress in a Scottish police force

Fluvoxamine, placebo, and cognitive behaviour therapy used alone and in combination in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia

Brief threatening events beneficial for captive tamarins

AAC systems: obstacles to effective use.

Social representations of the individual: A post-Communist perspective