For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. 10. Diagram showing the GMTED2010 layer extents (minimum and maximum latitude and longitude) are a result of the coordinate system inherited from the 1-arc-second SRTM

Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010)

http://www.graphicnetwork.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Klove_etal_2013_JoH.pdf

Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems

The impacts of urbanisation and climate change on urban flooding and urban water quality: A review of the evidence concerning the United Kingdom

Abstract. We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000–2016. Thirteen non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76 086 gauges worldwide. Another nine gauge-corrected datasets were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the HBV conceptual model against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized (

Global-scale evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and hydrological modeling

Groundwater recharged by meteoric water supports human life by providing two billion people with drinking water and by supplying 40% of cropland irrigation. While annual groundwater recharge rates are reported in many studies, fewer studies have explicitly quantified intra-annual (i.e., seasonal) differences in groundwater recharge. Understanding seasonal differences in the fraction of precipitation that recharges aquifers is important for predicting annual recharge groundwater rates under changing seasonal precipitation and evapotranspiration regimes in a warming climate, for accurately interpreting isotopic proxies in paleoclimate records, and for understanding linkages between ecosystem productivity and groundwater recharge. Here we determine seasonal differences in the groundwater recharge ratio, defined here as the ratio of groundwater recharge to precipitation, at 54 globally distributed locations on the basis of 18O/16O and 2H/1H ratios in precipitation and groundwater. Our analysis shows that arid and temperate climates have wintertime groundwater recharge ratios that are consistently higher than summertime groundwater recharge ratios, while tropical groundwater recharge ratios are at a maximum during the wet season. The isotope-based recharge ratio seasonality is consistent with monthly outputs from a global hydrological model (PCR-GLOBWB) for most, but not all locations. The pronounced seasonality in groundwater recharge ratios shown in this study signifies that, from the point of view of predicting future groundwater recharge rates, a unit change in winter (temperate and arid regions) or wet season (tropics) precipitation will result in a greater change to the annual groundwater recharge rate than the same unit change to summer or dry season precipitation.

/pdf/the-pronounced-seasonality-of-global-groundwater-recharge-3dzkc5giom.pdf

The pronounced seasonality of global groundwater recharge

Hydrological modelling of urbanized catchments: A review and future directions

. Given the importance of groundwater for food production and drinking water supply, but also for the survival of groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems (GWDTEs) it is essential to assess the impact of climate change on this freshwater resource. In this paper we study with high temporal and spatial resolution the impact of 28 climate change scenarios on the groundwater system of a lowland catchment in Belgium. Our results show for the scenario period 2070–2101 compared with the reference period 1960–1991, a change in annual groundwater recharge between −20% and +7%. On average annual groundwater recharge decreases 7%. In most scenarios the recharge increases during winter but decreases during summer. The altered recharge patterns cause the groundwater level to decrease significantly from September to January. On average the groundwater level decreases about 7 cm with a standard deviation between the scenarios of 5 cm. Groundwater levels in interfluves and upstream areas are more sensitive to climate change than groundwater levels in the river valley. Groundwater discharge to GWDTEs is expected to decrease during late summer and autumn as much as 10%, though the discharge remains at reference-period level during winter and early spring. As GWDTEs are strongly influenced by temporal dynamics of the groundwater system, close monitoring of groundwater and implementation of adaptive management measures are required to prevent ecological loss.

/pdf/spatio-temporal-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-groundwater-47bxpavxip.pdf

Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the groundwater system

https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_320A56663B51.P001/REF.pdf

Potential of satellite and reanalysis evaporation datasets for hydrological modelling under various model calibration strategies

In the last decade spatially distributed hydrological models have become increasingly versatile due to the improvements in computational capabilities, the availability of digital data, and the use of Geographical Information System (GIS). Keeping up with technological development and new data types is becoming a challenge. Moreover, models are often developed to answer a specific need and thus lack flexibility, making it nearly impossible to further develop them. Using the principle of adaptability and expandability, we discuss an object oriented, modular model that is based on the fully distributed and physically based hydrological model WetSpa. The original WetSpa model has been disassembled into smaller and independent modules and it has been rewritten using the open source computer language Python. In the new structure three main components are identified: (1) a pre-process component for GIS maps preparation; (2) a Unit Class, representing the watershed discretized in raster cells or physical based objects; and (3) a Model Control Class, which organizes input/outputs and gives commands to the objects unit. The physically based processes, such as runoff, infiltration, interception, etc., are coded in separate scripts and organized via the Model Control Class. This approach allows the user to select which processes will be simulated and in which order, as well as to evaluate the impact of different parameterizations of the same process. The new model, WetSpaOO (Object Oriented) has been successfully tested on a theoretical case and, thanks to this new flexible structure, it has been coupled with the groundwater flow model MODFLOW.

/pdf/enhanced-model-flexibility-and-coupling-opportunities-the-4bmrj33z22.pdf

Enhanced model flexibility and coupling opportunities: The WetSpa model case

/pdf/case-kleine-nete-hydrologie-wetenschappelijk-rapport-nara-nanf3hzc4k.pdf

Elga Salvadore

Papers

Hydrological modelling of urbanized catchments: A review and future directions

Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the groundwater system

Potential of satellite and reanalysis evaporation datasets for hydrological modelling under various model calibration strategies

Enhanced model flexibility and coupling opportunities: The WetSpa model case

Case kleine nete : hydrologie: wetenschappelijk rapport - NARA 2009