介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

Biological and medicinal significance of benzofuran

A series of antibacterial and antifungal amino acid-derived compounds and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, and IR, and electronic spectral measurements. Ligands (L1)−(L5) were derived by condensation of β-diketones with glycine, phenylalanine, valine, and histidine and act as bidentate towards metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc) via the azomethine-N and deprotonated-O of the respective amino acid. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal(II) ion and synthesized ligands in molar ratio of M : L (1 : 1) resulted in the formation of the metal complexes of type [M(L)(H2O)4]Cl (where M = Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) and of M : L (1 : 2) of type [M(L)2(H2O)2] (where M = Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)). The magnetic moment data suggested for the complexes to have an octahedral geometry around the central metal atom. The electronic spectral data also supported the same octahedral geometry of the complexes. Elemental analyses and NMR spectral data of the ligands and their metal(II) complexes agree with their proposed structures. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal(II) complexes, were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexeneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains and for in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani, and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal(II) complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against one or more species as compared to the uncomplexed ligands. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study their in vitro cytotoxic properties. Five compounds, (3), (7), (10), (11), and (22), displayed potent cytotoxic activity as LD50 = 8.974 × 10−4, 7.022 × 10−4, 8.839 × 10−4, 7.133 × 10−4, and 9.725 × 10−4 M/mL, respectively, against Artemia salina.

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Metal-Based Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) Complexes with Amino Acid-Derived Compounds

The status of Cr(III) as an essential micronutrient for humans is currently under question. No functional Cr(III)-containing biomolecules have been definitively described as yet, and accumulated experience in the use of Cr(III) nutritional supplements (such as [Cr(pic) 3], where pic = 2-pyridinecarboxylato) has shown no measurable benefits for nondiabetic people. Although the use of large doses of Cr(III) supplements may lead to improvements in glucose metabolism for type 2 diabetics, there is a growing concern over the possible genotoxicity of these compounds, particularly of [Cr(pic) 3]. The current perspective discusses chemical transformations of Cr(III) nutritional supplements in biological media, with implications for both beneficial and toxic actions of Cr(III) complexes, which are likely to arise from the same biochemical mechanisms, dependent on concentrations of the reactive species. These species include: (i) partial hydrolysis products of Cr(III) nutritional supplements, which are capable of binding to biological macromolecules and altering their functions; and (ii) highly reactive Cr(VI/V/IV) species and organic radicals, formed in reactions of Cr(III) with biological oxidants. Low concentrations of these species are likely to cause alterations in cell signaling (including enhancement of insulin signaling) through interactions with the active centers of regulatory enzymes in the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, while higher concentrations are likely to produce genotoxic DNA lesions in the cell nucleus. These data suggest that the potential for genotoxic side-effects of Cr(III) complexes may outweigh their possible benefits as insulin enhancers, and that recommendations for their use as either nutritional supplements or antidiabetic drugs need to be reconsidered in light of these recent findings.

Chemical properties and toxicity of chromium(III) nutritional supplements.

Sideritis spp.: uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities--a review.

The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of five different amino acid Schiff bases derived from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with glycine, L-alanine L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-tryptophane and the manganese(III) complexes of these bases were investigated. Structures of the Schiff bases were proven by 1H-NMR. In vitro activities against some Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus polymyxa) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans were determined. The antimicrobial activities tended to decrease with the increasing size of the amino acid residues.

Antimicrobial activities of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene)-amino acid(glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophane) Schiff bases and their manganese(III) complexes.

The organic compounds, 4-Ethyl-2,5,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile; 2,4,5-Triphenyl-5-propyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile; 4-Ethyl-5,5-diphenyl-2-thien-2-yl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile; 2-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl-)-5-propyl-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile; 4-Ethyl-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-2,2’-bifuran-3-carbonitrile, were synthesized and purified through column chromatography and preparative TLC. All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, MS, and microanalysis. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds were investigated against some bacteria and fungi. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were measured by using the disc-diffusion method against gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus enteritidis ATCC1376, Psydomamonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212, Bacillus subtilis RSKK 244, Bacillus megaterium gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 27853, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, and as fungus Micrococcus Luteus NRRLB was used. All compounds in this study showed activity against test bacteria. Their antibiogram tests showed better results than some known antibiotics.

Synthesis and biological activity studies of furan derivatives

With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials, a series of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines incorporating both sulfur and oxygen as part of the heteroaromatic ring (methyl thiophene, methyl furan) and fused cycloalkane groups were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and bases of elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of aminocyanopyridines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29212, Bacillus subtilis RSKK 244, Bacillus megaterium (clinical isolate), the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus NRRLB 4375, and the fungus Candida albicans ATCC 90028 were studied. The relationship between the functional-group variation and the biological activity of the evaluated compounds is discussed.

Synthesis and evaluation of a series of aminocyanopyridines as antimicrobial agents

Structure and characterization of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)threonine

In this work, several diterpenes including siderol, linearol and epicandicandiol were isolated from Sideritis sipylea Boiss collected from Izmir-Karaburun-Akdag, Turkey. In addition, diacetate derivatives of linearol and epicandicandiol were obtained. The antimicrobial activites of all these compounds against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11230), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) were studied. Antimicrobal activity was measured by the well-diffusion method. Except for C. albicans all microorganisms were tested against antibiotic discs in comparison with the studied compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Elif Loğoğlu

Papers

Antimicrobial activities of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene)-amino acid(glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophane) Schiff bases and their manganese(III) complexes.

Synthesis and biological activity studies of furan derivatives

Synthesis and evaluation of a series of aminocyanopyridines as antimicrobial agents

Structure and characterization of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)threonine

Biological activities of some natural compounds from Sideritis sipylea Boiss.