世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Economics and Information Theory

Corruption and Growth

Aims We conducted a systematic review of studies examining relationships between measures of beverage alcohol tax or price levels and alcohol sales or self-reported drinking. A total of 112 studies of alcohol tax or price effects were found, containing1003 estimates of the tax/price–consumption relationship. Design Studies included analyses of alternative outcome measures, varying subgroups of the population, several statistical models, and using different units of analysis. Multiple estimates were coded from each study, along with numerous study characteristics. Using reported estimates, standard errors, t-ratios, sample sizes and other statistics, we calculated the partial correlation for the relationship between alcohol price or tax and sales or drinking measures for each major model or subgroup reported within each study. Random-effects models were used to combine studies for inverse variance weighted overall estimates of the magnitude and significance of the relationship between alcohol tax/price and drinking. Findings Simple means of reported elasticities are -0.46 for beer, -0.69 for wine and -0.80 for spirits. Meta-analytical results document the highly significant relationships (P < 0.001) between alcohol tax or price measures and indices of sales or consumption of alcohol (aggregate-levelr =- 0.17 for beer, -0.30 for wine, -0.29 for spirits and -0.44 for total alcohol). Price/tax also affects heavy drinking significantly (mean reported elasticity =- 0.28, individual-level r =- 0.01, P < 0.01), but the magnitude of effect is smaller than effects on overall drinking. Conclusions A large literature establishes that beverage alcohol prices and taxes are related inversely to drinking. Effects are large compared to other prevention policies and programs. Public policies that raise prices of alcohol are an effective means to reduce

/pdf/effects-of-beverage-alcohol-price-and-tax-levels-on-drinking-4h7bkntsqs.pdf

Effects of beverage alcohol price and tax levels on drinking: a meta-analysis of 1003 estimates from 112 studies

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/jors.1979.126.pdf

Forecasting Economic Time Series

This paper investigates the impact of sectoral government expenditure on economic growth using Sri Lanka as a case study. For this purpose, we use Sri Lankan data at the national and sectoral levels for the period 1985-2016. In the empirical analysis, six different models were estimated at the aggregate and sectoral levels taking two cases of the dependent variable, namely the real GDP and per capita real GDP growth rate. Results indicate that government expenditure plays a positive and significant role in improving the level of GDP in Sri Lanka. However, economic growth was lower during the war years compared to non-war years in Sri Lanka. The results also indicate that capital expenditure plays a positive and significant role in enhancing economic growth. At the sectoral level, expenditure on health, education, and transport and communication appear to have a positive impact on the economy, while expenditure on agriculture and irrigation demonstrate a negative impact. Expenditure on defence, on the other hand, indicated mixed results, depending on the model specification. These findings provide some important insights for the policy makers in the country to consider when allocating sectoral level government expenditure budgets. 1 Authors, S. Tharshan, W L M A. Liyanage and P G K. Nilanka, would like to acknowledge the DFAT Australian Awards program, Australian Government, and Griffith University for providing the financial support to carry out this research at Griffith University during November-December 2017.

The Impact of Sectoral Government Expenditure on Economic Growth: Evidence from Sri Lanka

The Demand for Alcohol in the U.K.: An econometric study

The main purpose of this paper is to present some of the recent research concerning the development of suitable methods for international comparisons of prices and output using the stochastic approach developed in the early work of Theil(1965), Banerjee(1975), Balk(1980), Clements and Izan(1981) and Selvanathan(1987,1989). In contrast to the general approaches followed in the derivation of index number methods for aggregation of price and quantity data, e.g., Geary-Khamis, Van Uzeren and other methods, the stochastic approach uses simple regression techniques to measure the levels and changes underlying the observed price and quantity data over time and space. [Introduction extract]

Eliyathamby A. Selvanathan

Papers

The Impact of Sectoral Government Expenditure on Economic Growth: Evidence from Sri Lanka

The Demand for Alcohol in the U.K.: An econometric study

Stochastic Approach to International Comparisons of Prices and Real Income

Forecasting Alcohol Consumption to the Year 2000

The Relationship between FDI and Tourism