Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

The Study of Man. By Michael Polanyi. Price, $1.75. Pp. 102. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 1959. One subtitle to Polanyi's challenging and fascinating book might be The Evolution and Natural History of Error , for Polanyi is at pains to expunge what he believes to be the false notion contained in the contemporary view of science which treats it as an object and basically impersonal discipline. According to Polanyi not only is this a radical and important error, but it is harmful to the objectives of science itself. Another subtitle could be Farewell to Detachment , for in place of cold objectivity he develops the idea that science is necessarily intensely personal. It is a human endeavor and human point of view which cannot be divorced from nor uprooted out of the human matrix from which it arises and in which it works. For a good while

Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy

This paper proposes an approach to mobility that takes both historical mobilities and forms of immobility seriously. It is argued that is important for the development of a politics of mobility. To...

Towards a Politics of Mobility

The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of Political Economy

The central unifying theme in the Manuscripts is the alienation of labour under capitalist conditions of private ownership and its transcendence and abolition under communism. The doctrine of total emancipation which, as I have argued, was crucial in enabling Marx to assimilate ‘class’ and the ‘division of labour’ in his work is much more clearly articulated here and eloquently expressed. Communism, Marx argues, is ‘the positive transcendence of all estrangement’; the abolition of private property, communism: 
is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and nature — the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence, between objectification and self-confirmation, between freedom and necessity, between the individual and the species. Communism is the riddle of history solved, and knows itself to be this solution.27
The vision of communism Marx unfolds in the Manuscripts derives much of its force from his remarkable analysis of the alienation of labour and is clearly underpinned by a preconception of truly human, free productive activity. Man’s productive interchange with nature is in fact taken as the defining characteristic of the species: ‘the productive life is the life of the species’; and Marx is careful to point out that while an animal can also be said to engage in production it ‘only produces what it immediately needs for itself or its young’.

The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

This paper engages with a wide range of social theories to argue for a more nuanced understanding of money that is attuned to its spatial and scalar dimensions. The paper begins with a brief overview of modernist and postmodernist accounts, including the works of Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, Max Weber, Jean Baudrillard, Marc Shell and Jean-Joseph Goux. These theories have provided a useful corrective to neoclassical economic accounts that distil the economic from society and culture, but they reinforce an understanding of money that is homogenizing, in that it is said to annihilate space by time. By contrast, network theories of money, which are reviewed in the following section of this paper, offer a more contextualized understanding of money's embeddedness in social relations, in particular vis-a-vis the trust that is invested in money forms and institutions that help to knit together the networks through which money circulates. The spatial dynamics of monetary circulation are intrinsic to this model, but t...

Common cents: situating money in time and place

Introduction Emily Gilbert and Eric Helleiner I: National Currencies in Historical Perspective 1. "The Scotch Hate Gold:" Nation, identity, and paper money Matthew Rowlinson, Dartmouth College, UK 2. Spaces of money-power: The Bank of England and the Formation of national currency in nineteenth-century England and Wales Iain Black, Cheltenham College of Higher Education, UK 3. Local currencies in pre-industrial Japan Makoto Maruyama, University of Tokyo, Japan 4. Official standardization vs. social differentiation in Americans' uses of money Viviana Zelizer, Princeton University, US 5. Nineteenth-Century images on Latin American currencies Miguel Centeno, Princeton University, US 6. Token gestures? Images of nation and empire and the rise of a Canadian national currency Emily Gilbert, University of Bristol, UK 7. A distant view: Imagery and imagination in the paper currency of the British Empire, 1800 - 1960 Virginia Hewitt, British Museum, London, UK II: National Currencies and their Future in the Contemporary World 8. The new geography of money Benjamin Cohen, University of Santa Barbara 9. The Political Origins of Euromoney Peter Burnham, University of Warwick, UK 10. The logic of giving up national currencies: lessons from Europe's monetary union Amy Verdun, European University Institute 11. Alternative networks of calculation: local knowledge, associative democracy and the rise of 'alternative institutions of accumulation' Andrew Leyshon andNigel Thrift, University of Bristol, UK 12. Global uncertainties of money: National sovereignty and the management of risk Nigel Dodd, London School of Economics, UK 13. Denationalising money? Economic liberalism and the "national question" in the late twentieth century Eric Helleiner, York University, UK

Nation-States and Money : The Past, Present and Future of National Currencies

1. 'Introduction' Deborah Cowen & Emily Gilbert Section 1: Technologies of Governing conflict: Citizens at War 2. 'Resistance, Detention and Speculation on the Onto- Politics of Border Crossings and Seeking Asylum in North America' Davina Bhandar 3. 'The Governmental Geography of Homeland Security: Budgetary Management and Risk Mapping' Stephen Collier 4. 'Bombs, Bodies, Bits: Acts, Claims, Struggles' Engin Isin 5. 'Geographic information systems in military and 'security' demographic surveillance' Nadia Abu-Zhara Section 2: Reconstituting Citizenship in territories in Conflict 6. 'Reconstituting Iraq' Stuart Elden 7. 'Panic, Civility, and the Homeland' Matt Farish 8. 'War, citizenship and diplomacy in Fenianism' Gerry Kearns 9. 'Conflict, Citizenship, and Human Security: Feminist Geographies of War' Jennifer Hyndman Section 3: Citizenship in Post-War Spaces 10. 'Unreliable Chinese: internal security and the devaluation and expansion of citizenship in postwar Hong Kong' Alan Smart 11. 'War veterans, disability and post-colonial citizenship in Lusophone Africa' Marcus Power 12. 'Violence, militarism and bodies in West Germany' Matt Hannah 13. 'The Role of Truth Commissions and Restitution in the Reconstitution of Citizenship in Post-Conflict Settings in Latin America' Maureen Hays-Mitchell Section 4: War and Intimate Citizenship 14. "I'm doing this for my mates': Citizenship, military participation and the contemporary British Army' Rachel Woodward 15. 'Fear, Homeland Security and the Familial: Politicizing Emotion in US Domestic Policy, Geopolitics and the War on Terror' Deborah Cowen & Emily Gilbert 16. 'Embodying the Territorial Military Practices of the Hegemonic State: The Soldier Overseas and Militarism in the United States of America' Colin Flint 17. 'A War on the Boundary of Memory: State and Gender in Jewish Israel' Tamar Mayer 18. 'Governing citizens, policing purity: The sexual detention of American women in World War One' Abigail Barnes 19. 'Afterword' Neil Smith

War, citizenship, territory

Interventions on the state of sovereignty at the border

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are associated with tremendous physical, social, and financial costs for millions of individuals and families worldwide. Rapid delivery of specialized medical and surgical care has reduced mortality; however, long-term functional recovery remains limited. Cell-based therapies represent an exciting neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategy for SCI. This article summarizes the most promising preclinical and clinical cell approaches to date including transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, Schwann cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells, as well as strategies to activate endogenous multipotent cell pools. Throughout, we emphasize the fundamental biology of cell-based therapies, critical features in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, and the strengths and limitations of each approach. We also highlight salient completed and ongoing clinical trials worldwide and the bidirectional translation of their findings. We then provide an overview of key adjunct strategies such as trophic factor support to optimize graft survival and differentiation, engineered biomaterials to provide a support scaffold, electrical fields to stimulate migration, and novel approaches to degrade the glial scar. We also discuss important considerations when initiating a clinical trial for a cell therapy such as the logistics of clinical-grade cell line scale-up, cell storage and transportation, and the delivery of cells into humans. We conclude with an outlook on the future of cell-based treatments for SCI and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration in the field.

Emily Gilbert

Papers

Common cents: situating money in time and place

Nation-States and Money : The Past, Present and Future of National Currencies

War, citizenship, territory

Interventions on the state of sovereignty at the border

The leading edge: Emerging neuroprotective and neuroregenerative cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury.