Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been gradually developed in recent years due to their abundant resources, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, ZIBs have received a great deal of attention from researchers, which are considered as the next generation of portable energy storage systems. However, poor overall performance of ZIBs restricts their development, which is attributed to zinc dendrites and a series of side reactions. Constructing 3D zinc anodes has proven to be an effective way to significantly improve their electrochemical performance. In this review, the challenges of zinc anodes in ZIBs, including zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution and corrosion, as well as passivation, are comprehensively summarized and the energy storage mechanisms of the zinc anodes and 3D zinc anodes are discussed. 3D zinc anodes with different structures including fiberous, porous, ridge‐like structures, plated zinc anodes on different substrates and other 3D zinc anodes, are subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, emerging opportunities and perspectives on the material design of 3D zinc anodes are highlighted and challenges that need to be solved in future practical applications are discussed, hopefully illuminating the way forward for the development of ZIBs.

A Review on 3D Zinc Anodes for Zinc Ion Batteries

As a class of porous materials with crystal lattices, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring outstanding specific surface area, tunable functionality, and versatile structures, have attracted huge attention in the past two decades. Since the first conductive MOF is successfully synthesized in 2009, considerable progress has been achieved for the development of conductive MOFs, allowing their use in diverse applications for electrochemical energy storage. Among those applications, supercapacitors have received great interest because of their high power density, fast charging ability, and excellent cycling stability. Here, the efforts hitherto devoted to the synthesis and design of conductive MOFs and their auspicious capacitive performance are summarized. Using conductive MOFs as a unique platform medium, the electronic and molecular aspects of the energy storage mechanism in supercapacitors with MOF electrodes are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations to inspire new ideas for the development of conductive MOFs for supercapacitors.

Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitors

A flexible Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor constructed by porous carbon with controllable structure

Ultraviolet ageing of bituminous materials: A comprehensive literature review from 2011 to 2022

Progresses on electrospun metal–organic frameworks nanofibers and their wastewater treatment applications

Metal-organic framework-based materials for flexible supercapacitor application

Flexible hierarchical ZnO/AgNWs/carbon cloth-based film for efficient microwave absorption, high thermal conductivity and strong electro-thermal effect

Flexible microwave absorption (MA) materials with high thermal conductivities and electric-thermal performances have promising applications in the wearable electronics and artificial intelligence fields. Herein, multifunctional and flexible ZnO/carbon cloth ([email protected]) films with effective MA performance were prepared using a typical hydrothermal method. The flexible [email protected] film displays high reflection loss (RL) values of - 47.3 dB at 2.5 mm and broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.0 GHz in the whole X band for the construction of 3D ZnO arrays and 2D CC matrix. Moreover, [email protected] film was coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) solution to fabricate [email protected]/AgNWs/PVA (CAP) films with a highly conductively network. As a consequence, CC matrix and AgNWs conductive network contribute CAP with low voltages driven Joule heating performance, which ensure the functional integrity under extreme conditions. Therefore, our fabrications have potential applications in the fields of MA and the protection of wearable electronics. 

Endre Zima

Papers

Metal-organic framework-based materials for flexible supercapacitor application

Metal-organic framework-based materials for flexible supercapacitor application

Flexible hierarchical ZnO/AgNWs/carbon cloth-based film for efficient microwave absorption, high thermal conductivity and strong electro-thermal effect

Flexible hierarchical ZnO/AgNWs/carbon cloth-based film for efficient microwave absorption, high thermal conductivity and strong electro-thermal effect

A high-performance solid electrolyte assisted with hybrid biomaterials for lithium metal batteries.