“Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告

Owing to the superiority of GNN in learning on graph data and its efficacy in capturing collaborative signals and sequential patterns, utilizing GNN techniques in recommender systems has gain increasing interests in academia and industry. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent works on GNN-based recommender systems. We proposed a classification scheme for organizing existing works. For each category, we briefly clarify the main issues, and detail the corresponding strategies adopted by the representative models. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of the existing strategies. Furthermore, we suggest several promising directions for future researches. We hope this survey can provide readers with a general understanding of the recent progress in this field, and shed some light on future developments.

Graph Neural Networks in Recommender Systems: A Survey

As the COVID-19 virus quickly spreads around the world, unfortunately, misinformation related to COVID-19 also gets created and spreads like wild fire. Such misinformation has caused confusion among people, disruptions in society, and even deadly consequences in health problems. To be able to understand, detect, and mitigate such COVID-19 misinformation, therefore, has not only deep intellectual values but also huge societal impacts. To help researchers combat COVID-19 health misinformation, therefore, we present CoAID (Covid-19 heAlthcare mIsinformation Dataset), with diverse COVID-19 healthcare misinformation, including fake news on websites and social platforms, along with users' social engagement about such news. CoAID includes 4,251 news, 296,000 related user engagements, 926 social platform posts about COVID-19, and ground truth labels. The dataset is available at: this https URL.

CoAID: COVID-19 Healthcare Misinformation Dataset

First identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has been declared as a global emergency in January, and a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) Along with this pandemic, we are also experiencing an "infodemic" of information with low credibility such as fake news and conspiracies In this work, we present ReCOVery, a repository designed and constructed to facilitate research on combating such information regarding COVID-19 We first broadly search and investigate ~2,000 news publishers, from which 60 are identified with extreme [high or low] levels of credibility By inheriting the credibility of the media on which they were published, a total of 2,029 news articles on coronavirus, published from January to May 2020, are collected in the repository, along with 140,820 tweets that reveal how these news articles have spread on the Twitter social network The repository provides multimodal information of news articles on coronavirus, including textual, visual, temporal, and network information The way that news credibility is obtained allows a trade-off between dataset scalability and label accuracy Extensive experiments are conducted to present data statistics and distributions, as well as to provide baseline performances for predicting news credibility so that future methods can be compared Our repository is available at this http URL

ReCOVery: A Multimodal Repository for COVID-19 News Credibility Research

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2020 challenge on real world super-resolution. It focuses on the participating methods and final results. The challenge addresses the real world setting, where paired true high and low-resolution images are unavailable. For training, only one set of source input images is therefore provided along with a set of unpaired high-quality target images. In Track 1: Image Processing artifacts, the aim is to super-resolve images with synthetically generated image processing artifacts. This allows for quantitative benchmarking of the approaches \wrt a ground-truth image. In Track 2: Smartphone Images, real low-quality smart phone images have to be super-resolved. In both tracks, the ultimate goal is to achieve the best perceptual quality, evaluated using a human study. This is the second challenge on the subject, following AIM 2019, targeting to advance the state-of-the-art in super-resolution. To measure the performance we use the benchmark protocol from AIM 2019. In total 22 teams competed in the final testing phase, demonstrating new and innovative solutions to the problem.

NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Real-World Image Super-Resolution: Methods and Results

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in modeling graphs. Despite its great success, as with many other models, GNNs have the risk to inherit the bias from the training data. In addition, the bias of GNN can be magnified by the graph structures and message-passing mechanism of GNNs. The risk of discrimination limits the adoption of GNNs in sensitive domains such as credit score estimation. Though extensive studies of fair classification have been conducted on i.i.d data, methods to address the problem of discrimination on non-i.i.d data are rather limited. Furthermore, the practical scenario of sparse annotations in sensitive attributes is rarely considered in existing works. Therefore, we study the novel and important problem of learning fair GNNs with limited sensitive information. We propose a novel framework called FairGNN, which is able to reduce the bias of GNNs and maintain high node classification accuracy by leveraging graph structured data and sensitive information. Theoretical analysis is conducted to show that FairGNN can ensure fairness under mild conditions given limited nodes with known sensitive attributes. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework in eliminating discrimination while maintaining high node classification accuracy.

Say No to the Discrimination: Learning Fair Graph Neural Networks with Limited Sensitive Attribute Information

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great power in modeling graph structured data. However, similar to other machine learning models, GNNs may make predictions biased on protected sensitive attributes, e.g., skin color and gender. Because machine learning algorithms including GNNs are trained to reflect the distribution of the training data which often contains historical bias towards sensitive attributes. In addition, the discrimination in GNNs can be magnified by graph structures and the message-passing mechanism. As a result, the applications of GNNs in sensitive domains such as crime rate prediction would be largely limited. Though extensive studies of fair classification have been conducted on i.i.d data, methods to address the problem of discrimination on non-i.i.d data are rather limited. Furthermore, the practical scenario of sparse annotations in sensitive attributes is rarely considered in existing works. Therefore, we study the novel and important problem of learning fair GNNs with limited sensitive attribute information. FairGNN is proposed to eliminate the bias of GNNs whilst maintaining high node classification accuracy by leveraging graph structures and limited sensitive information. Our theoretical analysis shows that FairGNN can ensure the fairness of GNNs under mild conditions given limited nodes with known sensitive attributes. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets also demonstrate the effectiveness of FairGNN in debiasing and keeping high accuracy.

Nowadays, Internet is a primary source of attaining health information. Massive fake health news which is spreading over the Internet, has become a severe threat to public health. Numerous studies and research works have been done in fake news detection domain, however, few of them are designed to cope with the challenges in health news. For instance, the development of explainable is required for fake health news detection. To mitigate these problems, we construct a comprehensive repository, FakeHealth, which includes news contents with rich features, news reviews with detailed explanations, social engagements and a user-user social network. Moreover, exploratory analyses are conducted to understand the characteristics of the datasets, analyze useful patterns and validate the quality of the datasets for health fake news detection. We also discuss the novel and potential future research directions for the health fake news detection.

Ginger Cannot Cure Cancer: Battling Fake Health News with a Comprehensive Data Repository

The task of single image super-resolution (SISR) aims at reconstructing a high-resolution (HR) image from a low- resolution (LR) image. Although significant progress has been made with deep learning models, they are trained on synthetic paired data in a supervised way and do not perform well on real cases. There are several attempts that directly apply unsupervised image translation models to address such a problem. However, unsupervised image translation models need to be modified to adapt to unsupervised low-level vision task which poses higher requirement on the accuracy of translation. In this work, we propose a novel framework which is composed of two stages: 1) unsupervised image translation between real LR and synthetic LR images; 2) supervised super-resolution from approximated real LR images to the paired HR images. It takes the synthetic LR images as a bridge and creates an indirect supervised path. We show that our framework is so flexible that any unsupervised translation model and deep learning based super-resolution model can be integrated into it. Besides, a collaborative training strategy is proposed to encourage the two stages collaborate with each other for better degradation learning and super-resolution performance. The proposed method achieves very good performance on datasets of NTIRE 2017, NTIRE 2018 and NTIRE 2020, even comparable with supervised methods.

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Unsupervised Image Super-Resolution with an Indirect Supervised Path

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results for semi-supervised learning tasks on graphs such as node classification. Despite the great success of GNNs, many real-world graphs are often sparsely and noisily labeled, which could significantly degrade the performance of GNNs, as the noisy information could propagate to unlabeled nodes via graph structure. Thus, it is important to develop a label noise-resistant GNN for semi-supervised node classification. Though extensive studies have been conducted to learn neural networks with noisy labels, they mostly focus on independent and identically distributed data and assume a large number of noisy labels are available, which are not directly applicable for GNNs. Thus, we investigate a novel problem of learning a robust GNN with noisy and limited labels. To alleviate the negative effects of label noise, we propose to link the unlabeled nodes with labeled nodes of high feature similarity to bring more clean label information. Furthermore, accurate pseudo labels could be obtained by this strategy to provide more supervision and further reduce the effects of label noise. Our theoretical and empirical analysis verify the effectiveness of these two strategies under mild conditions. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in learning a robust GNN with noisy and limited labels.

Enyan Dai

Papers

Say No to the Discrimination: Learning Fair Graph Neural Networks with Limited Sensitive Attribute Information

Say No to the Discrimination: Learning Fair Graph Neural Networks with Limited Sensitive Attribute Information

Ginger Cannot Cure Cancer: Battling Fake Health News with a Comprehensive Data Repository

Unsupervised Image Super-Resolution with an Indirect Supervised Path

NRGNN: Learning a Label Noise Resistant Graph Neural Network on Sparsely and Noisily Labeled Graphs