Showing papers by "Eric C. Seaberg published in 2022"
TL;DR: Although the hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations were relatively uncommon, they were associated with severe complications and had significantly greater frequencies of liver failure, non‐alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites and thrombocytopenia.
Abstract: In the United States, hepatitis D is not a reportable condition, leading to gaps in epidemiological and clinical knowledge. We aim to estimate the incidence of hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations in the United States and describe the clinical, demographic and geographic characteristics of those hospitalizations. We utilized hospitalization data from the 2010–2018 National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Hepatitis D and hepatitis B only (HBV only) hospitalizations were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes. We identified 3825 hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations. The hospitalization rate of hepatitis D was between 6.9 and 20.7 per 10,000,000 but did not change significantly over time. Compared to HBV only, the hepatitis D cohort had a greater proportion of males, Hispanics, hospitalizations in the Northeast region. The hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations also had significantly greater frequencies of liver failure, non‐alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites and thrombocytopenia. While mortality in hepatitis D was similar to that of HBV only, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.79; p = .020) and having a diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis (OR = 3.37; p = .044) increased the odds of mortality within the hepatitis D cohort. Although the hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations were relatively uncommon, they were associated with severe complications.
4 citations
TL;DR: Higher sCD163, a marker of macrophage activation, was significantly associated with significant depression symptoms in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a prospective study of cisgender men with and without HIV.
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to experience depression, a highly morbid disease. More evidence is needed to better understand mechanisms of depression in PWH. We evaluated a panel of blood biomarkers in relation to depression symptoms in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Setting: Four sites in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed within the MACS, a prospective study of cisgender men with and without HIV. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, and six blood biomarkers were measured: GlycA, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, CCL2, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and soluble CD163 (sCD163). Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, the biomarkers and other factors were evaluated in relation to significant depression symptoms (SDS) by Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression score ≥16. Results: 784 men were analyzed; most of whom (63%) were PWH. PWH were more likely to have SDS (32% vs. 21%). In univariable analysis, higher GlycA, CRP, and sCD163 concentrations were associated with SDS. In multivariable analysis, however, only higher sCD163 concentration was associated with SDS (odds ratio = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.76). This relationship was driven by the PWH group (odds ratio = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.12 to 6.58) and remained significant when controlling for antidepressant use. Lack of college education was also associated with SDS. Conclusions: Higher sCD163, a marker of macrophage activation, was significantly associated with significant depression symptoms in the MACS. Further research on this biomarker and macrophage activation in general is warranted to better understand and treat depression in PWH.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a chi-squared test is used under the assumption of multivariate normality, and permutation test is proposed where this assumption is violated, where the difference of consecutive LMNC test statistics is used to construct independent tests.
Abstract: The multivariate normative comparison (MNC) method has been used for identifying cognitive impairment. When participants' cognitive brain domains are evaluated regularly, the longitudinal MNC (LMNC) has been introduced to correct for the intercorrelation among repeated assessments of multiple cognitive domains in the same participant. However, it may not be practical to wait until the end of study for diagnosis. For example, in participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), cognitive functioning has been evaluated repeatedly for more than 35 years. Therefore, it is optimal to identify cognitive impairment at each assessment, while the family‐wise error rate (FWER) is controlled with unknown number of assessments in future. In this work, we propose to use the difference of consecutive LMNC test statistics to construct independent tests. Frequency modeling can help predict how many assessments each participant will have, so Bonferroni‐type correction can be easily adapted. A chi‐squared test is used under the assumption of multivariate normality, and permutation test is proposed where this assumption is violated. We showed through simulation and the MACS data that our method controlled FWER below a predetermined level.
TL;DR: Long-term use of ED drugs do not adversely affect immune function among MWH or MWOH and similar effects of ED drug use on biomarker levels among MWOH are observed.
Abstract: Abstract Objective Examine prospective relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs and CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and immune markers among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods Data from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an observational prospective cohort study, with semiannual follow-ups conducted in four U.S. centers from 1998 onwards was used. Marginal structural models using g-computation were fitted to estimate the mean differences for the effects of self-reported ED drug use on CD4 and CD8 T-cell outcomes and immune biomarkers. Results Total of 1,391 men with HIV (MWH) and 307 men without HIV (MWOH) was included. Baseline mean CD4 cell count among MWH and MWOH was 499.9 and 966.7 cells/μL, respectively. At baseline, 41.8% of MWH were virally suppressed. ED drug users reported a mean of 44.4 months of exposure to ED drugs. ED drug use was associated with increased CD4 cell outcomes among MWH but not MWOH. Mean differences in CD4 cell counts after 1 year of ED drug use was 57.6 cells/μL and increased to 117.7 after 10 years among MWH. CD8 counts were higher in ED drug users among MWH over 10 years than non-users; no consistent differences were found among MWOH. ED drug use appeared to reduce immune marker levels, such as IL-6 and increase markers, such as IL-10. We observed similar effects of ED drug use on biomarker levels among MWOH. Conclusion Long-term use of ED drugs do not adversely affect immune function among MWH or MWOH. Future studies on the relationships between different types of ED drugs and effects on T-cell subtypes are warranted.