Showing papers by "Erin A. Hazlett published in 2008"
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased prefrontal volume in BA10 and sparing of volume loss in temporal cortex (BAs 22 and 20) may be a protective factor in SPD which reduces vulnerability to psychosis.
121 citations
TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate FST circuitry during an attention-to-prepulse paradigm in 26 unmedicated schizophrenia-spectrum patients (13 schizotypal personality disorder, 13 schizophrenia) and 13 healthy controls and found lower left caudate BOLD activation during the attended PPI condition was associated with more deficient sensorimotor gating as measured by PPI.
86 citations
TL;DR: Sertindole administration was associated with greater change toward normal values and away from the values found in the unmedicated comparison group for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex gray matter and white matter underlying medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex.
36 citations
TL;DR: Startle eyeblink modification was measured in outpatients and matched controls in order to test for deficits in early and later stages of attentional processing during a memory-load version of the Continuous Performance Test, indicating that automatic attentional processes were not impaired in these patients.
Abstract: Startle eyeblink modification was measured in 20 relatively asymptomatic medicated schizophrenia outpatients and 18 matched controls in order to test for deficits in early and later stages of attentional processing during a memory-load version of the Continuous Performance Test. Participants viewed a series of digits and pressed a button after the digit 7 of each 3-7 sequence. On some trials, a startling noise burst was presented either 120 or 1200 ms following cues that a response might be needed soon (the digit 3) and also following noncues. Controls showed greater startle inhibition at 120 ms following cue than noncue prepulses, whereas patients showed equal inhibition to both, suggesting a deficiency in allocation of controlled attentional resources in early stages of processing. The patients, however, did show large startle inhibition at 120 ms when a distracting stimulus accompanied the task-relevant cue, unlike the controls, who ignored the distracting stimulus. In contrast, both groups showed equal startle inhibition 1200 ms following cue and noncue prepulses, indicating that later modality-specific attention processes are not impaired in patients during this paradigm. Both groups also showed equal inhibition at 120 ms during passively attended prepulses, suggesting that automatic attentional processes were not impaired in these patients.
23 citations
TL;DR: A range of severity appearing in the relatives of the severely ill is supported by genetic studies of adopted twins and families and factor-analytic approaches applied to symptoms have not clearly supported a two-group dichotomy.
Abstract: Background Both schizophrenia and bipolar illness are associated with a continuous spectrum of illness. In schizophrenia patients range from the chronically hospitalized to the employed and independent. Genetic studies of adopted twins and families have supported the concept of a range of severity appearing in the relatives of the severely ill. Similarly in the bipolar spectrum, individuals range from the severely agitated to the mildly activated. Mood variation and disordered thought may appear in both groups. Factor-analytic approaches applied to symptoms have not clearly supported a two-group dichotomy.
2 citations
27 May 2008
TL;DR: The results suggest that to be an alternative to ROI-based volumetry in schizophrenia, cautious interpretation of VBM may be needed.
Abstract: This study compares the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region-of-interest (ROI)-based volumetric analysis in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 50 unmedicated schizophrenia patients and 82 healthy controls were examined. ROI- based volumetric analysis was performed by tracing caudates on anterior commissure and posterior commissure (ACPC)-positioned MRI. The comparison of 20 subjects in the lower and upper 25% for traced caudate size and the comparison between patients and controls revealed significantly reduced gray matter concentration in the caudate through VBM. Caudate volume (absolute and relative) revealed that patients with schizophrenia had smaller caudate nuclei than controls. The ROC results demonstrated that the performance of VBM (area under the curve (AUC): 61%) was similar to that of ROI-based volumetric analysis (AUC: 61% for relative ROI volume) and their correlation was 0.51 (p<0.05). These results suggest that to be an alternative to ROI-based volumetry in schizophrenia, cautious interpretation of VBM may be needed.
2 citations
TL;DR: Cortical thinning in cingulate and occipital cortices in first episode schizophrenia.
1 citations