ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
ADP
: adenosine diphosphate
AF
: atrial fibrillation
AMI
: acute myocardial infarction
AV
: atrioventricular
AIDA-4
: Abciximab Intracoronary vs. intravenously Drug Application
APACHE II
: Acute Physiology Aand Chronic

/pdf/esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-acute-myocardial-vy5rt9aiqe.pdf

ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair 

Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect 

Nancy M. Albert, PhD, RN, FAHA

Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA

Ralph G. Brindis, MD, MPH, MACC

Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA[#][1]

Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, FAHA

David DeMets, PhD[#][1]

Robert A

/pdf/2014-aha-acc-hrs-guideline-for-the-management-of-patients-1v8ficsqox.pdf

2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-53v7yllhiz.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Authors/Task Force Members: John J.V. McMurray (Chairperson) (UK)*, Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Angelo Auricchio (Switzerland), Michael Böhm (Germany), Kenneth Dickstein (Norway), Volkmar Falk (Switzerland), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Cândida Fonseca (Portugal), Miguel Angel Gomez-Sanchez (Spain), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Lars Køber (Denmark), Gregory Y.H. Lip (UK), Aldo Pietro Maggioni (Italy), Alexander Parkhomenko (Ukraine), Burkert M. Pieske (Austria), Bogdan A. Popescu (Romania), Per K. Rønnevik (Norway), Frans H. Rutten (The Netherlands), Juerg Schwitter (Switzerland), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Janina Stepinska (Poland), Pedro T. Trindade (Switzerland), Adriaan A. Voors (The Netherlands), Faiez Zannad (France), Andreas Zeiher (Germany).

ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis And Treatment of Acute And Chronic Heart Failure 2008

Between January 1986 and July 1990, 186 patients over 70 years of age underwent 215 transluminal coronary angioplasties. The patients' characteristics were: 117 men and 69 women; mean age 75.5 +/- 4 years (70-89 years): left ventricular ejection fraction 62 +/- 12%: 40% had previous myocardial infarction; 48% had single vessel disease; 80% had severe angina (19% Class III and 61% Class IV) and 58% of dilated vessels had calcification. In all, 276 vessels (1.3 patient) were dilated: one vessel in 77%, 2 vessels in 18% and 3 or more in 5% of patients. The primary success rate defined as a reduction of the diameter of stenosis below 50% was 81% (174/215 procedures) (85%-215/253 stenosis--in dilatations and 65%-15/23 obstructions--in attempted disobliterations). There were 4 deaths (2.1%), 12 Q wave infarcts (5.5%) and 5 non Q wave infarcts (2.3%), 2 emergency bypass grafts procedures and no cerebrovascular accidents. A multivariate analysis identified two factors which reduced the primary success rate: coronary calcification (p less than 0.02) and a history of previous infarction (p less than 0.02). Three factors were associated with an increased risk of perioperative infarction: the female sex, age greater than 75 years (p less than 0.01) and previous infarction (p less than 0.03). The first 154 patients were followed up for 25 +/- 14 months (8-61 months) without any patients being lost to follow-up. In this period, 16 patients died (11 of cardiac causes), 2 had non-fatal infarction, 13 underwent secondary aortocoronary bypass surgery and 30 patients (20%) developed an angiographic restenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Coronary transluminal angioplasty after 70 years of age. Multivariate analysis of parameters influencing immediate results and long-term prognosis].

In 1985, Rahmat et al. reported 14 cases of cholestatic hepatitis induced by captopril [1]. In only one case was the hepatitis cytolytic in nature with no cholestasis. Here we report cytolytic hepatitis with fever and eosinophilia in a patient given captopril for heart failure. The patient, born in 1933, was admitted to the cardiology department in April 1987 because of a recurrence of heart failure. She had a history of mitral valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation treated by insertion of a double Bj6rk valve (1973), severe tachyeardiabradycardia syndrome treated by His bundle catheter ablation and insertion of a pacemaker (1986), and insulin-dependent diabetes (1976). Besides insulin, she was taking 120 mg frusemide, 75 mg spironolactone, 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate, and 75 mg phenindione daily. Frusemide dosage was increased to 250 mg daily and captopril was started at progressive doses from 6.25 mg reaching 75 mg daily 8 days later and maintained at this dose subsequently. Four days after admission, the heart failure symptoms disappeared and the patient had to undergo prophylactic dental surgery under local anesthesia (Scandicain 3%) during 4 consecutive days. In order to prevent endocarditis, she was given amoxicillin 2 g daily during 14 days. Twenty-two days after the beginning of captopril treatment, she had fever (38.5 ° to 39°C) and severe fatigue but benefit of the treatment on the heart failure symptoms was maintained. Endocarditis was first suspected but repeated blood cultures were negative. Blood count was normal except eosinophil white cells which were high (294/ml). Liver function tests showed increased values of ASAT, ALAT, and alkaline phosphatase (see below) with normal bilirubin blood levels. Liver echography was normal as well as serologic tests for viral hepatitis A and B, toxoplasmosis, herpes, mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus infection. Liver biopsy was not performed because of ongoing anticoagulant therapy. After discontinuation of captopril, all clinical symptoms disappeared rapidly (within 24 hours) and liver function tests and eosinophil count progressively returned to normal (Table 1). Lymphocyte subpopulation count, total immunoglobulin E, and complement C3A and C4A blood levels were normal. In vitro basophit degranulation test in presence of captopril and Coombs's test were negative. Three weeks after discontinuation of captopril, the patient was rechallenged with enalapril 10 mg daily. One month later, she was still doing well and repeated liver function tests and blood count remained normal. The sequence of events suggests that captopril caused cytolytic hepatitis. This undesirable effect is reminiscent of the rare cases of hepatitis that have been reported in response to captopril [1-5]. Nevertheless these cases were predominantly accompanied by significant cholestasis and jaundice which was absent in our patient. Cardiac failure could not account for the findings in our patient since transaminases were normal when the patient was admitted with symptoms of heart failure and were raised while these symptoms disappeared. The rapid onset of this side effect and the rise in eosinophil count with fever suggest an immunoallergie mechanism despite normal immunologic allergy markers. The rechallenge with enalapril was well tolerated. This suggests that in our patient there was no crosssensitivity between captopril and enalapril. Therefore, angiotensin-eonverting enzyme inhibition is not the mechanism of captopril-induced hepatitis. Absence of cross-reactivity was well documented by Navis et al. [6] between enalapril and captopril in a patient with atypical immunoallergic side effects to captopril con-

Cytolytic hepatitis with captopril but not with enalapril

Patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction disturbance benefit haemodynamically from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but reduced mortality with CRT has not been demonstrated. The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) reduced sudden death, which accounts for more than 50% of heart failure mortality. This review focuses on data from trials on ICD and CRT treatment in heart failure patients. The design of one study — the Pacing in Cardiomyopathies, a European Study (PACMAN) — is presented. Current recruitment in this trial indicates that 30% of patients receiving CRT require ICD backup. Ongoing larger trials will determine the true benefit of ICD and CRT in heart failure patients.

Implantable card ioverter-defibrillators with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy — multiple therapy in a single device: a review with special reference to the PACIVIAN study

Dual chamber pacemaker therapy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

La mort subite du sportif est un accident rare et inattendu. Elle affecte essentiellement des hommes jeunes, et une cardiopathie non diagnostiquee lors de la visite medicale d'aptitude est presente dans la plupart des cas. Chez les sujets jeunes, il s'agit generalement de cardiomyopathies hypertrophiques ou de dysplasie ventriculaire droite arythmogene. Ainsi, le sport joue le role de revelateur et la mort subite est souvent le premier symptome de la maladie. La pratique du sport de competition augmenterait le risque relatif de mort subite de 2,5 par rapport au risque d'un sujet non sportif. La prevalence de la mort subite au cours du sport de competition est mal connue. A partir des rares etudes disponibles, elle peut etre estimee a 2,3/100 000 athletes/an. En Europe, elle survient essentiellement au cours de matchs de football. La prevalence de la mort subite au cours d'activites sportives dites « recreatives » n'est en revanche pas connue precisement. Elle pourrait etre nettement superieure, car ces activites concernent le plus grand nombre, se deroulent sans encadrement et generalement sans visite medicale prealable. Les sujets sont volontiers plus âges, c'est la pathologie coronaire qui se trouve le plus souvent impliquee.

Etienne Aliot

Papers

[Coronary transluminal angioplasty after 70 years of age. Multivariate analysis of parameters influencing immediate results and long-term prognosis].

Cytolytic hepatitis with captopril but not with enalapril

Implantable card ioverter-defibrillators with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy — multiple therapy in a single device: a review with special reference to the PACIVIAN study

Dual chamber pacemaker therapy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death during sports activities