https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/53643809/APEN2017.pdf

Performance-based health monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics for condition-based maintenance of gas turbines: A review

Kinematic analysis of mechanisms kinematic synthesis of mechanisms simple mechanisms and coupler curves cams spur gears helical, spiral, worm and bevel gears gear trains hydrodynamic lubrication static force analysis inertia force analysis combined static and inertia force analysis turning moment diagram and flywheel balancing of rotating components balancing of reciprocating components gear forces.

Mechanism and machine theory

A hybrid model of an artificial neural network with thermodynamic model for system diagnosis of electrical power plant gas turbine

An investigation of the effectiveness of online combustion turbine axial compressor washing using various purity grade waters and commercial washing detergents was performed. For this project, blade surface fouling dirt was obtained from gas turbine axial compressor blades installed at various field sites. The dirt was analyzed to determine the composition and consistency of typical blade surface fouling materials. A representative dirt formula and blade coating procedure was developed so that comparative tests could be performed using various cleaning fluids. Dirt coated blades were installed in a wind tunnel capable of simulating compressor operating conditions. A spray nozzle upstream of the blade test section was used for washing blades with five different test liquids to determine the effectiveness or advantages of any liquid. Once this testing was completed, a similar test setup was then utilized to inject a mixture of formulated fouling dirt and the various online cleaning liquids upstream of the blade into the wind tunnel to assess redeposit characteristics. The effect of high-purity water versus regular water on fouling dirt was also studied in separate residue experiments. Results indicate that spraying cleaning fluid into a flowing air stream is a viable means of cleaning a compressor blade. Each of the fluids was able to clean the test blade at both low and high air velocities and at different blade incident angles. Within the parameters/fluids tested, the results indicate that:1. The blade cleaning is primarily a mechanical function and does not depend on the type of fluid used for cleaning. The results showed that most of the cleaning occurs shortly after the cleaning fluid is introduced into the flow stream.2. Dirt removed from the blades may redeposit in other areas as the cleaning fluid is evaporated. Redeposit occurred in flow recirculation zones during the cleaning tests, and heated flow tests demonstrated dirt deposit in the presence of a cleaning fluid. In addition, the type of fluid used for cleaning has no effect on the redeposit characteristics of the dirt.3. Blade erosion was not found to be a significant issue for the short durations that online water-washing was performed. However, uncontrolled water-washing (or overspray) for extended periods of time did result in measureable leading and trailing edge blade erosions.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

/pdf/experimental-evaluation-of-the-effectiveness-of-online-water-4986154t8y.pdf

Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Online Water-Washing in Gas Turbine Compressors

Fault diagnosis of an industrial gas turbine based on the thermodynamic model coupled with a multi feedforward artificial neural networks

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/ENG20110500015_23056286.pdf

Gas Turbine Performance Optimization Using Compressor Online Water Washing Technique

The performance of thermal power plants, achievement of human comfort, preservation of groceries etc. are generally adversely affected by poor environmental conditions. In order to provide solutions to these challenges, an evaporative cooling system was developed and studied. The study was aimed at providing lower temperatures for the efficient performance of machineries and human comfort as well as lower temperature and higher relative humidity necessary for overcoming the above adverse condition. The performance of the cooler was evaluated in terms of temperature drop, cooler capacity, saturation efficiency and feasibility index. The results showed that evaporative cooling is achievable with feasibility index of F*≤ 10, when the difference between inlet dry bulb temperatures and wet bulb temperature are greater, T1-Tw = 11.5°C and T1-T2= 25.22°C with F*=9; T1-Tw= 12°C and T1-T2= 7.109°C with F*=10 respectively. The results also affirmed that cooler capacity and the saturation index are higher where the feasibility indexes are comparatively low.

/pdf/the-effects-of-evaporative-cooling-in-tropical-climate-1v9nyxt2rk.pdf

The Effects of Evaporative Cooling in Tropical Climate

“MICE” is an acronym for Misalignment, Imbalance, Crack and Eccentricity. These form the most catastrophic faults in rotor shafts of gas turbine engines that could lead to downtime. This paper therefore enunciates steps to early detection of these faults and how they could be solved. A method of computer application using Visual-Basic programming language is suggested. A software, MICE, is used for the analysis. Results obtained compare favorably with those of similar works in this area and show that the software can be extended to other rotating equipment when their characteristics are known.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Diagnozing and Prognozing Gas Turbine Rotor Shaft Faults Using “The MICE”

Vibration analysis of rotating machinery can give warning of potential faults such as imbalance, bent shaft, shaft crack, misalignment, looseness and other malfunctions. This work considered the origin, causes and the effect of vibrations in rotor shaft and how they can be optimized to avert catastrophic downtime. The approach used in the research was vibration signature analysis. Data were taken from a gas turbine called GT18, GE Frame 9 on industrial duty for electricity generation in Ughelli Power station Delta State, Nigeria. The data collected after collation was used in a MATLAB computer program. The result shows that the engine should not be operated beyond 4.8 mm vibration displacement amplitude. A speed of 7860 rpm should also be avoided in order to prevent resonance. Furthermore, it enabled early detection of the various effects of vibration signature such as imbalance, misalignment, and crack that may lead to downtime.

Optimizing gas turbine rotor shaft fault detection, identification and analysis for effective condition monitoring

All over the globe, gas turbines (GTs) play tremendous role in energy and power generation. Condition monitoring is also being used to obtain early warning of impending equipment failure to prevent costly downtime and damage to process equipment. Several scheduled visits were thus made to AFAM IV, GT 18, TYPE 13D plant located near Port Harcourt, in Rivers State of Nigeria. Continuous and periodic monitoring of the thermodynamics/performance parameters such as temperature, pressure, air pumping capability and fuel flow were carried out. These activities lasted for over a period of one year on hourly basis to examine the state of health of the engine compared with the data taken. The diagnostic method of trend performance monitoring was jointly used with multiple variable mathematical models (MVMMs), because they relate deterioration to consequences. A software code-named “THAPCOM” written in C++ programming language was used proactively monitor the engine based on this MVMMs. The values observed on the third month revealed that ηO was 27.0% and AL was 48MW. A significant variation in the results obtained shows that there is a deviation between the monitored data taken from the console and the reference data in the manufacturer’s manual. These are indications of impending failure or health uncertainty of the engine. This allowed maintenance to be scheduled, or other actions taken to avoid catastrophy.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

Ezenwa A. Ogbonnaya

Papers

Gas Turbine Performance Optimization Using Compressor Online Water Washing Technique

The Effects of Evaporative Cooling in Tropical Climate

Diagnozing and Prognozing Gas Turbine Rotor Shaft Faults Using “The MICE”

Optimizing gas turbine rotor shaft fault detection, identification and analysis for effective condition monitoring

Use of Multiple Variable Mathematical Method for Effective Condition Monitoring of Gas Turbines