The clinical and pathologic features of 43 cases of malignant renal tumor with mixed histopathologic features are presented. The characteristic features of embryonal nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) of infancy and childhood were seen in five adult cases. Renal-cell carcinoma, intimately associated with a more pleomorphic spindle-cell or giant-cell malignancy resembling sarcoma, was the lesion in 37 cases. Areas of osteogenic sarcoma were noted in three tumors of this latter group and foci of transition of carcinoma cells to pleomorphic sarcomatoid cells could be demonstrated. A third distinctive mixed malignant tumor (one case in the series) was a transitional-cell carcinoma of the kidney with a pleomorphic malignant-appearing spindle-cell stromal component. The term “sarcomatoid” is appropriate in the present incomplete state of knowledge of these unusual malignant neoplasms.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1097-0142%28196809%2922%3A3%3C545%3A%3AAID-CNCR2820220308%3E3.0.CO%3B2-4

Sarcomas and sarcomatoid and mixed malignant tumors of the kidney in adults—part III

https://mmbr.asm.org/content/mmbr/28/1/30.full.pdf

Aspects of the pathogenesis of virus diseases

A method is provided for inactivating viral and/or bacterial contamination in blood cellular matter, such as erythrocytes and platelets, or protein fractions. The cells or protein fractions are mixed with chemical sensitizers and irradiated with, for example, gamma or X-ray radiation.

Method of inactivation of viral and bacterial blood contaminants

The pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was determined in gnotobiotic pigs by studying the sequential development of microscopic lesions and sites of virus distribution and replication. Thirty-two pigs (three pigs/infected group and one pig/control group) were inoculated by nasal instillation of either PRRSV isolate ATCC VR-2332 (total dose 10(2.6) TCID50) or uninfected cell culture supernatant. Infected and control pigs were euthanized at 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days postexposure (PE). Gnotobiotic pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV were viremic by 12 hours PE and subsequently developed pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis, myocarditis and encephalitis. Lung lesions developed by day 3 PE, persisted through day 21 PE and were characterized by alveolar septa thickened by macrophages, alveolar proteinaceous and karyorrhectic debris, alveolar syncytial cells, and multifocal type II pneumocyte hypertrophy. Lymph node lesions varied in distribution and severity and were characterized by germinal center hypertrophy and hyperplasia, lymphocyte necrosis, multiple cystic spaces, and polykaryocytes within the cystic spaces. Heart lesions were a late feature of infection and all infected pigs had heart lesions on day 21 PE characterized by subendocardial, myocardial, and perivascular foci of lymphocytes. Vasculitis also varied in distribution and severity and affected all sizes of vessels. Results of this experiment indicate that PRRSV is a multisystem disease characterized initially by viremia with subsequent virus distribution and replication in multiple organs causing interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, and encephalitis.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/030098589503200404

Pathogenesis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs

This review is focused on the pathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with mild-to-moderate hyperthermia (body temperature > 37 degrees C but 40 degrees C but <42 degrees C). This effect depends on the age of the animals and their prior thermal experiences. Taken together, heat stress induced hyperthermia, once believed to be non-toxic in the mammalian CNS, do produce specific alterations in the CNS that may have long-term behavioural, physiological and neuropathological consequences. The probable mechanism(s) underlying hyperthermia induced brain pathology is discussed.

Hyperthermia induced pathophysiology of the central nervous system

Summary 1.A simple and rapid procedure for the preparation of inactivated virus vaccine is described using β-propiolactone (BPL), an agent not previously employed in the preparation of vaccines. 2.β-propiolactone is capable of inactivating viruses in 10–15 minutes at 37°C whereas formalin and phenol require days for the same degree of inactivation under parallel conditions. 3.Satisfactory inactivated vaccines can be prepared with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, rabies virus and MM-virus with the use of BPL. 4.A significantly higher degree of antigenicity is demonstrated with β-propiolactone-inactivated virus vaccines than with formalin- and phenol-inactivated virus vaccines. 5.Two to four times the minimal effective viricidal concentration of BPL can be used in the preparation of virus vaccines without critical loss in antigenicity.

Antigenicity of β-Propiolactone-Inactivated Virus Vaccines

Mesoblastic nephroma in adults; a clinico-pathologic study of Wilms' tumors and related renal neoplasms.

Preparation and sterilization of blood plasma.

Pathological Changes Resulting from Accurately Controlled Artificial Fever

SummaryMethyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride has been demonstrated to exert effective virucidal and bactericidal effects in the presence of either plasma, serum or whole blood. The required virucidal dosage of HN2 is below 500 mg/l of blood or plasma if the pH is at or near 7.0. The end products of decomposition of the added HN2 are essentially nontoxic if the pH of the system is not too low. No evidence of antigenic or other toxic reactions has been produced in two dogs and two humans receiving repeated injections of treated plasma. Human red blood cells withstand the application of virucidal dosages of HN2 without hemolysis and with only a slight increase in fragility. Complement, immune bodies, phosphatase and fibrinogen are only slightly affected by sterilizing dosages of HN2. Prothrombin time is markedly prolonged by HN2.

F. W. Hartman

Papers

Antigenicity of β-Propiolactone-Inactivated Virus Vaccines

Mesoblastic nephroma in adults; a clinico-pathologic study of Wilms' tumors and related renal neoplasms.

Preparation and sterilization of blood plasma.

Pathological Changes Resulting from Accurately Controlled Artificial Fever

On the chemical sterilization of blood and blood plasma.