Showing papers by "Fang Han published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the roles of BC stem cells in the occurrence, development and management of BC treatment resistance were summarized; BCSC-targeted strategies for the treatment of HER2-positive BC were also discussed.
Abstract: Approximately 15-20% of breast carcinomas exhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) protein overexpression. HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and high relapse risk. Although several anti-HER2 drugs have achieved substantial efficacy, certain patients with HER2-positive BC relapse due to drug resistance after a treatment period. There is increasing evidence that BC stem cells (BCSCs) drive therapeutic resistance and a high rate of BC recurrence. BCSCs may regulate cellular self-renewal and differentiation, as well as invasive metastasis and treatment resistance. Efforts to target BCSCs may yield new methods to improve patient outcomes. In the present review, the roles of BCSCs in the occurrence, development and management of BC treatment resistance were summarized; BCSC-targeted strategies for the treatment of HER2-positive BC were also discussed.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the associations and mechanisms by which various types of peri-organ AT affect metabolic diseases while addressing it as a potential future treatment strategy, including secretion of cytokines, activation of immunocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, involvement of stromal cells, and abnormal miRNA expression.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors aimed to estimate the burden of pancreatic cancer at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019, including the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
Abstract: Aims: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a strong invasive nature and low survival rate. We aimed to estimate the PC burden at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Detailed data, including the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Results: Globally, there were 530,297 (486,175–573,635) incident cases and 531,107 (491,948–566,537) deaths from PC in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 6.6 (6–7.1), and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.6 (6.1–7.1) per 100,000 person-years. PC caused 11,549,016 (10,777,405–12,338,912) DALYs, with an age-standardized rate of 139.6 (130.2–149.1) per 100,000 person-years. There were increases in estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIR (0.83; 0.78–0.87), ASMR (0.77; 0.73–0.81), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) (0.67; 0.63–0.71). The global number of incident cases increased by 168.7%, from 197,348 (188,604–203,971) to 530,297 (486,175–573,635); the number of deaths increased by 168.2% from 198,051 (189,329–204,763) to 531,107 (491,948–566,537); and total DALYs increased by 148.5% from 4,647,207 (4,465,440–4,812,129) to 11,549,016 (10,777,405–12,338,912). East Asia and China recorded the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs. The proportion of deaths was attributable to smoking (21.4%), elevated fasting glucose (9.1%), and high BMI (6%). Conclusions: Our study updated the epidemiological trends and risk factors for PC. PC remains a major hazard to the sustainability of health systems worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and mortality from 1990 to 2019. More targeted strategies are required to prevent and treat PC.
TL;DR: In this article , the role of FAM3s in the development of thyroid cancer was investigated using KEGG and GO pathway and immunohistochemistry, and a significant association between the pathological stage and FAM3C was found in patients with thyroid cancer.
Abstract: Thyroid cancer (THCA) is a common head and neck malignancy. The family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) is a cytokine-like gene family with four members, which is presumed to participate in the development of many cancer types. However, the expression patterns of FAM3s in THCA and their prognostic values, have not yet been established. We investigated differential expressions of FAM3 mRNA and protein in THCA, then validated the findings for FAM3B by immunohistochemistry. We also investigated survival data with respect to FAM3 expression patterns in patients with THCA. FAM3s information regarding their relationships with clinical pathological parameters were obtained and FAM3 mutations were assessed. KEGG and GO pathway regarding FAM3C were obtained using online databases. To investigate potential correlations between FAM3s and immune cell infiltration, we investigated the roles of FAM3s in immune cells of patients with THCA. The mRNA expression of FAM3C were significantly elevated in THCA tissues; high expression levels of FAM3C protein were also observed in THCA tissues. A significant association between the pathological stage and the expression of FAM3C was found in patients with THCA. Patients with THCA who had high mRNA expression levels of FAM3C exhibited significantly more favorable prognosis, compared with patients who had low mRNA expression levels of FAM3C. Overall, FAM3C may play vital roles in the pathogenesis and development of THCA, and these findings constitute novel insights for biomarkers of immunotherapeutic targeted agents and may aid in the identification of prognostic biomarkers for THCA.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the trends in diabetes incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in children, with risk factors for diabetes-associated death, from 1990 to 2019.
Abstract: Importance
Diabetes in children is a global epidemic that causes various medical conditions associated with an increased incidence of premature death.
Objective
To investigate the trends in diabetes incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in children, with risk factors for diabetes-associated death, from 1990 to 2019.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 in 204 countries and territories. Children with diabetes who were aged 0 to 14 years were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from December 28, 2022, to January 10, 2023.
Exposure
Childhood diabetes from 1990 to 2019.
Main Outcome Measures
Incidence, all-cause and cause-specific deaths, DALYs, and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were stratified according to region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI).
Results
A total of 1 449 897 children (738 923 male [50.96%]) were included in the analysis. In 2019, there were 227 580 incident cases of childhood diabetes worldwide. Cases of childhood diabetes increased by 39.37% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 30.99%-45.45%) from 1990 to 2019. Over 3 decades, diabetes-associated deaths decreased from 6719 (95% UI, 4823-8074) to 5390 (95% UI, 4450-6507). The global incidence rate increased from 9.31 (95% UI, 6.56-12.57) to 11.61 (95% UI, 7.98-15.98) per 100 000 population; however, the diabetes-associated death rate decreased from 0.38 (95% UI, 0.27-0.46) to 0.28 (95% UI, 0.23-0.33) per 100 000 population. Among the 5 SDI regions, the low SDI region had the highest childhood diabetes-associated mortality rate in 2019. Regionally, North Africa and the Middle East had the largest increase in incidence (EAPC, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.94-2.17). Among 204 countries, Finland had the highest national incidence of childhood diabetes in 2019 (31.60 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 22.65-40.36), Bangladesh had the highest diabetes-associated mortality rate (1.16 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 0.51-1.70), and the United Republic of Tanzania had the highest DALYs rate (100.16 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 63.01-155.88). Globally, environmental/occupational risk, nonoptimal temperature, high temperature, and low temperature were key risk factors for childhood diabetes-associated mortality in 2019.
Conclusions and Relevance
Childhood diabetes is an increasing global health challenge with rising incidence. Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that despite the global decline in deaths and DALYs, the number of deaths and DALYs remains high among children with diabetes, especially in low SDI regions. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes in children may facilitate prevention and control.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the current research progress regarding NTRK fusion-positive thyroid cancer, summarizes the clinicopathological features of the disease, and outlines the current statuses of n-trophic tyrosine receptor kinase fusion detection and targeted therapeutic agents.
Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions are oncogenic drivers in multiple solid tumors, including thyroid cancer. NTRK fusion thyroid cancer has unique pathological features such as mixed structure, multiple nodes, lymph node metastasis, and a background of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Currently, RNA-based next-generation sequencing is the gold standard for the detection of NTRK fusions. Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in patients with NTRK fusion-positive thyroid cancer. Efforts to overcome acquired drug resistance are the focus of research concerning next-generation TRK inhibitors. However, there are no authoritative recommendations or standardized procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of NTRK fusions in thyroid cancer. This review discusses current research progress regarding NTRK fusion-positive thyroid cancer, summarizes the clinicopathological features of the disease, and outlines the current statuses of NTRK fusion detection and targeted therapeutic agents.