http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

This paper presents results obtained from monitoring a 1.72 kWp photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof of a 12 m high building in Dublin, Ireland (latitude 53.4°N and longitude 6.3°E). The system was monitored between November 2008 and October 2009 and all the electricity generated was fed into the low voltage supply to the building. Monthly average daily and annual performance parameters of the PV system evaluated include: final yield, reference yield, array yield, system losses, array capture losses, cell temperature losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, performance ratio and capacity factor. The maximum solar radiation, ambient temperature and PV module temperature recorded were 1241 W/m2 in March, 29.5 °C and 46.9 °C in June respectively. The annual total energy generated was 885.1 kW h/kWp while the annual average daily final yield, reference yield and array yield were 2.41 kW h/kWp/day, 2.85 kW h/kWp/day and 2.62 kW h/kWp/day respectively. The annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and inverter efficiency were 14.9%, 12.6% and 89.2% respectively while the annual average daily performance ratio and capacity factor were 81.5% and 10.1% respectively. The annual average daily system losses, capture losses and cell temperature losses were 0.23 h/day, 0.22 h/day and 0.00 h/day respectively. Comparison of this system with other systems in different locations showed that the system had the highest annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and performance ratio of 14.9%, 12.6% and 81.5% respectively. The PV system’s annual average daily final yield of 2.4 kW h/kWp/day is higher than those reported in Germany, Poland and Northern Ireland. It is comparable to results from some parts of Spain but it is lower than the reported yields in most parts of Italy and Spain. Despite low insolation levels, high average wind speeds and low ambient temperature improve Ireland’s suitability.

Measured Performance of a 1.72 kW Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System in Ireland

Loss Minimization Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

This article presents a new model to represent transmission lines including the frequency dependence of longitudinal parameters. The model uses exact modes, for ideally transposed lines, and “quasi-modes” for non-transposed lines. The line is represented through a cascade of π-circuits, with one π-circuit for each mode. The transformation matrix used is real and it is modeled with ideal transformers. The model is described for three-phase lines, dc lines, double three-phase lines and six-phase lines. An ATP-EMTP implementation of a 440 kV three-phase transmission line is performed to illustrate the model and a comparison with two frequency dependent ATP line models are made, the Semlyen and JMarti ones.

New Multiphase Mode Domain Transmission Line Model

Increased world energy demand necessitates looking for appropriate alternatives to oil and fossil fuel. Countries encourage institutions and households to create their own photovoltaic (PV) systems to reduce spending money in electricity sectors and address environmental issues. Due to high solar radiation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the government urges people and institutions to establish PV systems as the best promising renewable energy resource in the country. This paper presents an optimal and complete design of a 300 kW PV system installed in a limited rooftop area to feed the needs of the Ministry of Electricity building, which has a high energy consumption. The design has been suggested for two scenarios in terms of adjusting the orientation angles. The available rooftop area allowed to be used is insufficient if a tilt angle of 22o is used, suggested by the designer, so the tilt angle has been adjusted from 22o to 15o to accommodate the available area and meet the required demand with a minimum shading effect. The authors of this paper propose a modified scenario “third scenario” which accommodates the available area and provides more energy than the installed “second scenario”. The proposed panel distribution and the estimated energy for all scenarios are presented in the paper. The possibility of changing tilt angles and the extent of energy production variations are also discussed. Finally, a comparative study between measured and simulated energy is included. The results show that August has the lowest percentage error, with a value of 2.7%, while the highest percentage error was noticed in November.

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A New Configuration of Roof Photovoltaic System for Limited Area Applications—A Case Study in KSA

Electricity in the modern world holds the backbone of humanity and its demand is increasing every day. Due to multiple factors, in developing countries like India, the continuous supply of electricity seems to be far-fetched due to the constant shutting down of grids (because of severe climatic conditions). The well-known sources for the production of electricity are conventional energy sources, but their supply is limited and more importantly they cause pollution. These factors raise the need to utilize renewable energy sources to the fullest. Among the available renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (SPV) is mostly used. In the paper, a 4 kWp SPV plant has been proposed for a residential building in Motihari, Bihar, India. The SPV plant is designed in such a way that it would ensure continuous supply of electricity. The selected location gets an average of 1156.39 W/sq.m of solar irradiation, which produces a 4.6 kWh amount of electricity using a solar rooftop plant having a capacity of 1 kWp considering 5.5 sunshine hours. The designed 4 kWp SPV plant is analyzed using PVsyst V6.8.1 software. The analysis shows that the designed SPV plant saves around 113 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to planting 181 trees over a lifetime.

Design and Analysis of Solar PV Rooftop in Motihari

Parameter extraction of photovoltaic models using atomic orbital search algorithm on a decent basis for novel accurate RMSE calculation

In the recent past, multiphase power generation, power transmission, and multiphase drive system are the main focus of research due to their several advantages over existing three phase system. Multiphase drives have better performance over three-phase drives. A multiphase transformer is required at the input of a fixed frequency multiphase drive, rectifier circuit for HVDC applications and multiphase generation and transmission systems. This paper investigates an static three-to seven-phase conversion technique and presents a design of transformer and control strategy to analyze the effect of unbalanced supply on a three-phase to seven-phase transformer. The transformer presented in this paper takes three phase input and a seven-phase output is obtained at the secondary terminals. The paper also discusses input–output unbalancing. A complete design, analysis and simulation of the proposed transformer is presented and experimental validation is also reported in this paper. Experimental and simulation results show that the presented transformer can produce a seven-phase power from three-phase ac power. Input unbalance is reflected at the output of the transformer but is less than the input unbalance. It is also shown that seven-phase output is not produced if one phase of input is open and the transformer has more than three limbs for flux to flow. But a balanced seven-phase output in steady state is produced even in one phase open condition for a three limb core type transformer. A new definition of sequence components of an unbalanced seven-phase system is required for unbalancing study so it is also defined in this paper.

Analysis of a three-phase to seven-phase transformer under unbalanced input

This article investigates the effect of coordinated control of variable frequency transformer and fuzzy based flywheel energy storage system for frequency stabilisation of wind penetrated two area ...

Coordinated control of VFT and fuzzy based FESS for frequency stabilisation of wind penetrated multi-area power system:

Motor vehicle emissions have been identified as the major source of air pollution in most urban cities They have a serious impact on our urban air quality and public health This paper analyses the benefits of upgrading the current cars running in India to a hybrid car which can run using both IC engine and electric motors Numbers of registered cars are forecasted up to 2035 using Artificial Neural Network The result of analysis shows that upgrading the existing cars with hybrid ones will reduce the greenhouse gas emission which in turn cause significant carbon credit earning by reduction of greenhouse gases like hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), and per-fluorocarbons (PFCs)

Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh

Papers

Design and Analysis of Solar PV Rooftop in Motihari

Parameter extraction of photovoltaic models using atomic orbital search algorithm on a decent basis for novel accurate RMSE calculation

Analysis of a three-phase to seven-phase transformer under unbalanced input

Coordinated control of VFT and fuzzy based FESS for frequency stabilisation of wind penetrated multi-area power system:

Upgrading cars running on Indian roads: Analyzing its impact on environment using ANN