In recent years, enzyme immobilization has been presented as a powerful tool for the improvement of enzyme properties such as stability and reusability. However, the type of support material used plays a crucial role in the immobilization process due to the strong effect of these materials on the properties of the produced catalytic system. A large variety of inorganic and organic as well as hybrid and composite materials may be used as stable and efficient supports for biocatalysts. This review provides a general overview of the characteristics and properties of the materials applied for enzyme immobilization. For the purposes of this literature study, support materials are divided into two main groups, called Classic and New materials. The review will be useful in selection of appropriate support materials with tailored properties for the production of highly effective biocatalytic systems for use in various processes.

A general overview of support materials for enzyme immobilization: Characteristics, properties, practical utility

The commercial application of biocatalysts depends on the development of effective methods of immobilization. The immobilization of enzymes greatly increases the stability of enzymes and eases the burden of enzyme cost and thus, is widely pursued for efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly catalysis. This brief perspective focuses on recent development in the area of enzyme immobilization in porous materials. Recent work regarding the immobilization of enzymes in inorganic mesoporous materials as well as the modifications to those materials is summarized in this paper. The configuration of supported enzyme as membranes and fibers may facilitate their application in areas that require a biocatalytic process. Enzymes immobilized in or on fibrous membranes provide high surface area for high throughput biocatalysis. These membrane bioreactors also allow for biotransformations to be carried out within a continuous flow process while maintaining enzyme stability under operating conditions as a result...

Perspective of Recent Progress in Immobilization of Enzymes

A review of the existing and emerging technologies in the combination of AOPs and biological processes in industrial textile wastewater treatment

Magnetic nanoparticles as versatile carriers for enzymes immobilization: A review.

Current treatment technologies and mechanisms for removal of indigo carmine dyes from wastewater: A review

In this study, the decolorization of a dye solution via bio-Fenton process with in situ generation of H2O2 by enzymatic catalyzed oxidation of glucose was investigated. For this purpose, magnetite was synthesized and was used as the support for glucose oxidase immobilization. The particle size of the magnetite was estimated to be around 42 nm according to the obtained scanning electron microscope images. The magnetite crystal size was obtained approximately 26 nm by X-ray diffraction spectrum. Effective variables on immobilization were investigated. The best immobilization conditions were achieved at pH 6, temperature of 10 °C, glucose oxidase/support ratio of 1800 U/g, and time of 2.5 h. In these conditions, 450 U of glucose oxidase was immobilized per grams of magnetite. The immobilized glucose oxidase was used for the decolorization of acid yellow 12 in batch experiments. Decolorization conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. Four parameters including pH, temperature, glucose, and Fe2+ concentrations in five levels were investigated. The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: pH = 4.5, T = 29 °C, initial glucose concentration of 1.5 g/L, and Fe+2 concentration of 1.4 g/L. Decolorization efficiency after 120 min at optimal conditions in the presence of 0.3 g immobilized enzyme (450 U/g) in 100 cm3 solution was observed to be equal to 62.27 %.

Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application in the Removal of Acid Yellow 12

In this study, decolorization of Acid Blue 113 textile azo dye (AB 113) by a bio-Fenton process has been performed in an aqueous medium. The bio-Fenton oxidation process tested is the oxidation process of glucose for H2O2 generation and in situ use of H2O2 with Fe2+ as Fenton reagents to produce hydroxyl radicals which degrade the organic dyes. The effect of different parameters such as AB 113, glucose, FeSO4 concentrations, and also the glucose oxidase activity on the decolorization of AB 113 dye was assessed. Artificial neural network was used to simulate the decolorization of AB 113 aqueous solution. Different networks were designed for this process. The best network was 5-14-1 due to the best coefficient of determination (0.996) and mean square error (0.42). The results indicated that ANN is provided reasonable predictive performance.

Bio-Fenton process for Acid Blue 113 textile azo dye decolorization: characteristics and neural network modeling

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol gel method on granular porous natural scoria. Structure and morphology of scoria, synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, and ZnO/scoria nanocomposite were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Approximately 49 mg of nano ZnO was immobilized per gram of scoria. Photocatalytic performance of ZnO/scoria nanocomposite was examined for phenazopyridine and Acid Blue 113 removal from synthetic aqueous solutions under UV irradiation in a continuous open channel reactor. Removal of Acid Blue 113 in pH of 5.5, flow rate of 15 ml/min and Acid Blue 113 concentration of 20 mg/L was obtained 70.78%. Removal of phenazopyridine in pH of 6.0, flow rate of 15 ml/min and concentration of 15 mg/L was obtained 72.55%. Also, prepared photocatalyst was used for treatment of pharmaceutical and textile pollutants from real wastewaters. COD reductions of these wastewaters were 40.55% and 58.25% respectively in their natural pH, 5 ml/min with initial COD of 800 and 510. Results reveal that ZnO/scoria nanocomposite is efficient for photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical and textile pollutants with reusability.

Synthesis of nano zinc oxide on granular porous scoria: Application for photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical and textile pollutants from synthetic and real wastewaters

Fatemeh Mahdizadeh

Papers

Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application in the Removal of Acid Yellow 12

Bio-Fenton process for Acid Blue 113 textile azo dye decolorization: characteristics and neural network modeling

Synthesis of nano zinc oxide on granular porous scoria: Application for photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical and textile pollutants from synthetic and real wastewaters

Polyoxometalates and Their Composites as Photocatalysts for Organic Pollutants Degradation in Aqueous Media—A Review

Bio-deoxygenation of water using glucose oxidase immobilized in mesoporous MnO2