Desalination and Water Treatment 

About: Desalination and Water Treatment is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Adsorption & Aqueous solution. It has an ISSN identifier of 1944-3986. Over the lifetime, 13225 publications have been published receiving 142648 citations.

Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

Abstract: Correlations and data for the thermophysical properties of seawater are reviewed. Properties examined include density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, latent heat of vaporization, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient. These properties include those needed for design of thermal and membrane desalination processes. Results are presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity. The available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy. Best-fi tted new correlations are obtained from available data for density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, boiling point elevation, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient after appropriate conversion of temperature and salinity scales to the most recent standards. In addition, a model for latent heat of vaporization is suggested. Comparisons are carried out amo...

Nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes/silica nanoparticles and their use for adsorption of Pb(II): from surface properties to sorption mechanism

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and silica nanocomposite (CNT/SiO2). Successful realization of MWCNT/SiO2 nanostructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. The as-prepared nanocomposite was evaluated as an adsorbent to remove lead, Pb(II), from aqueous solutions. The resulting MWCNT/SiO2 manifests propitious adsorption performance (~95%) over silica nanoparticles (~50%) and CNTs (~45%). Lagergren’s pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyse the kinetic data obtained at different initial Pb(II) concentrations. The adsorption kinetic data were described well by the pseudo-second order model with R2 of 0.99. The activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process was calculated as 15.8 kJ mol−1. Adsorption data were described well by the Langmuir and Temkin models. Th...

Degradation of wastewaters containing organic dyes photocatalysed by zinc oxide: a review

Abstract: Organic dyes are one of the largest groups of pollutants discharged into wastewaters from textile and other industrial processes. Owing to the potential toxicity of the dyes and their visibility in surface waters, removal and degradation of them have attracted considerable attention worldwide. A wide range of approaches have been developed, amongst which the heterogeneous photocatalysis involving zinc oxide (ZnO) emerges as a promising new route for water purification process. For the first time, we attempt to review and summarize the recent research on ZnO photocatalytic systems for organic dyes degradation. The photocatalysis on modified ZnO is also discussed, in particular aiming at enhancing the degradation efficiency and activity in visible region as well as solar irradiation. The effects of key operational parameters on the photocatalytic performance in terms of the degradation and mineralization of dyes are detailed. This review also highlights the utilization of multivariate analysis to d...

Phenol removal from industrial wastewaters: a short review

Abstract: The toxicity of phenol even at low concentrations in industrial effluents is high enough to meet its needs for separation. In this paper, a review will be carried out on the traditional techniques and recent advances in the separation of phenol from its contaminated streams. The most commonly used methods classified based on the phenol concentrations (high, medium, and low), and also, their advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of industrial wastewater treatment systems will be discussed. Finally, the best methods will be suggested for each concentration range at the influent and, of course, that is allowable in the final effluent. The survey results recommended that biodegradation, chemical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic oxidation, solid phase extraction, ozonation, reverse osmosis/nanofiltration, and wet air oxidation are useful methods in low phenol concentrations, whereas liquid–liquid extraction, pervaporation, membrane-based solvent extraction, adsorption...

A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications

Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the emerging membrane technologies which has gained renewed interest recently as a low energy desalination process. The central to FO process is the draw solution (DS) and the membrane because both play a substantial role on its performance. Hence, the selection of an appropriate DS is crucial for the process efficiency. Many DS have been tested so far for a wide range of modern applications and this paper aims to review the various aspects of the DS in the process performance and provides valuable information regarding the selection criteria of suitable DS. Several general DS properties such as the osmotic pressure and the water solubility can affect the process performance. Other intrinsic properties to specific novel DS such as the emerging magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can also have an impact on the process efficiency and have to be evaluated. Separation and recovery of the DS are one of the major challenges facing the development of FO process. The recovery pro...