Light-Emitting Diodes. (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.) By A. A. Bergh and P. J. Dean. Pp. viii+591. (Clarendon: Oxford; Oxford University: London, 1976.) £22.

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Light-emitting diodes

Manufacturing and measurement of freeform optics

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used for non-invasive diagnosis of diabetic macular edema assessing the retinal layers. In this paper, we propose a new fully convolutional deep architecture, termed ReLayNet, for end-to-end segmentation of retinal layers and fluid masses in eye OCT scans. ReLayNet uses a contracting path of convolutional blocks (encoders) to learn a hierarchy of contextual features, followed by an expansive path of convolutional blocks (decoders) for semantic segmentation. ReLayNet is trained to optimize a joint loss function comprising of weighted logistic regression and Dice overlap loss. The framework is validated on a publicly available benchmark dataset with comparisons against five state-of-the-art segmentation methods including two deep learning based approaches to substantiate its effectiveness.

ReLayNet: retinal layer and fluid segmentation of macular optical coherence tomography using fully convolutional networks.

We propose an approach to deal with the problem of freeform surface illumination design without assuming any symmetry based on the concept that this problem is similar to the problem of optimal mass transport. With this approach, the freeform design is converted into a nonlinear boundary problem for the elliptic Monge-Ampere equation. The theory and numerical method are given for solving this boundary problem. Experimental results show the feasibility of this approach in tackling this freeform design problem.

Freeform illumination design: a nonlinear boundary problem for the elliptic Monge–Ampére equation

Application specific LED packaging (ASLP) is an emerging technology for high performance LED lighting. We introduced a practical design method of compact freeform lens for extended sources used in ASLP. A new ASLP for road lighting was successfully obtained by integrating a polycarbonate compact freeform lens of small form factor with traditional LED packaging. Optical performance of the ASLP was investigated by both numerical simulation based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and experiments. Results demonstrated that, comparing with traditional LED module integrated with secondary optics, the ASLP had advantages of much smaller size in volume (approximately 1/8), higher system lumen efficiency (approximately 8.1%), lower cost and more convenience for customers to design and assembly, enabling possible much wider applications of LED for general road lighting. Tolerance analyses were also conducted. Installation errors of horizontal and vertical deviations had more effects on the shape and uniformity of radiation pattern compared with rotational deviation. The tolerances of horizontal, vertical and rotational deviations of this lens were 0.11 mm, 0.14 mm and 2.4 degrees respectively, which were acceptable in engineering.

http://mitros.sweb.cz/fyzika/Desing%20of%20compact%20freeform%20lens%20for%20application%20specific%20light-emitting%20diode%20packaging,%20Wang%20Kai.pdf

Design of compact freeform lens for application specific light-emitting diode packaging

Phosphor self-heating in phosphor converted light emitting diode packaging

Low optical efficiency of light-emitting diode (LED) based headlamp is one of the most important issues to obstruct applications of LEDs in headlamp. An effective high-efficient LED headlamp freeform lens design method is introduced in this paper. A low-beam lens and a high-beam lens for LED headlamp are designed according to this method. Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation results demonstrate that the LED headlamp with these two lenses can fully comply with the ECE regulation without any other lens or reflector. Moreover, optical efficiencies of both these two lenses are more than 88% in theory.

Design method of high-efficient LED headlamp lens

Freeform lenses are playing a more and more important role in LED secondary optics design. In this study, based on the new light energy mapping relationship, edge ray principle, Snell's law and error control of surface construction, a modified discontinuous freeform lens design method was presented for rectangularly prescribed illumination, with the advantages of a flexible energy mapping relationship, accurate light irradiation control and easier to manufacture. A polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) discontinuous freeform lens was designed as an example for LED tunnel illumination according to this method. The numerical simulation results demonstrated that the light pattern of the lens was in good agreement with the expected illumination performance when using a point source. Tolerance analyses were also conducted. An extended light source had little effect on the light output efficiency (LOE) of the lens but significantly decreased the effective illumination area. Installation errors had more effect on the uniformity and shape of the light pattern than the LOE of the lens. The tolerances of vertical, horizontal and rotational deviation of this lens were 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm and 2°, respectively.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/11/10/105501/pdf

Freeform LED lens for rectangularly prescribed illumination

In this research, the condition for uniform lighting generated by array of LEDs with large view angle was studied. The luminous intensity distribution of LED is not monotone decreasing with view angle. A LED with freeform lens was designed as an example for analysis. In a system based on LEDs designed in house with a thickness of 20mm and rectangular arrangement, the condition for uniform lighting was derived and the analytical results demonstrated that the uniformity was not decreasing monotonously with the increasing of LED-to-LED spacing. The illuminance uniformities were calculated with Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations and the uniformity was found to increase with the increasing of certain LED-to-LED spacings anomalously. Another type of large view angle LED and different arrangements were discussed in addition. Both analysis and simulation results showed that the method is available for LED array lighting system design on the basis of large view angle LED..

http://tpl.energy.hust.edu.cn/uploads/file/20150311/20150311184760576057.pdf

Fei Chen

Papers

Design of compact freeform lens for application specific light-emitting diode packaging

Phosphor self-heating in phosphor converted light emitting diode packaging

Design method of high-efficient LED headlamp lens

Freeform LED lens for rectangularly prescribed illumination

Analysis of condition for uniform lighting generated by array of light emitting diodes with large view angle