There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Natural-sourced benzoxazine resins, homopolymers, blends and composites: A review of their synthesis, manufacturing and applications

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A comprehensive review on mechanical, electromagnetic radiation shielding, and thermal conductivity of fibers/inorganic fillers reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Five commercially available amines: m-phenylenediamine (A1), m-xylylenediamine (A2), isophorone diamine (A3), trimethylhexamethylenediamine (A4), and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (A5), were examined as nucleophilic hardeners for bis-benzoxazine monomers based on aniline paired with bisphenol-A (BA-a) or bisphenol-F (BF-a). The reactivities and reaction mechanisms of their mixtures with BA-a were investigated using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and HPLC techniques. It was found that BA-a rapidly cured with the amines upon heating at 120 °C or 150 °C. The cure rate was similar to the amine/epoxy curing process in practical uses, and significantly faster than the ring-opening polymerization of bulk BA-a. The possible reaction mechanism was supported by the experimental results and includes three successive steps: (i) nucleophilic substitution at the carbon atom (O–C–N) in the oxazine ring by the amine, (ii) thermal decomposition of the resulting aminomethanaminium structure, and (iii) electrophilic addition of the newly formed iminium ion with the aromatic ring to form stable aminomethylphenol structures. These findings are helpful to improve the thermosetting resins in terms of their chemical structure, material properties, and processability.

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A curing system of benzoxazine with amine: reactivity, reaction mechanism and material properties

Pyrene-functionalized tetraphenylethylene polybenzoxazine for dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes and energy storage

Mechanical and thermal properties of phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide particles

A novel furan-containing tetrafunctional fluorene-based benzoxazine monomer with bisphenol- and diamine-type oxazine rings was successfully prepared. The resulting polybenzoxazine exhibits extremely higher glass transition temperature (440 °C) and better thermal stability than difunctional furan-containing fluorene-based and traditional multifunctional benzoxazine resins.

Feng Tiantian

Papers

Mechanical and thermal properties of phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide particles

Synthesis of novel furan-containing tetrafunctional fluorene-based benzoxazine monomer and its high performance thermoset

Mechanical and thermal properties of silicon nitride reinforced polybenzoxazine nanocomposites

Effect of crab shell particles on the thermomechanical and thermal properties of polybenzoxazine matrix

Preparation and characterization of thermally-conductive silane-treated silicon nitride filled polybenzoxazine nanocomposites