Preparing the books to read every day is enjoyable for many people. However, there are still many people who also don't like reading. This is a problem. But, when you can support others to start reading, it will be better. One of the books that can be recommended for new readers is experience and education. This book is not kind of difficult book to read. It can be read and understand by the new readers.

Experience and Education.

The use of recommender systems is an emerging trend today, when user behavior information is abundant. There are many large datasets available for analysis because many businesses are interested in future user opinions. Sophisticated algorithms that predict such opinions can simplify decision-making, improve customer satisfaction, and increase sales. However, modern datasets contain millions of records, which represent only a small fraction of all possible data. Furthermore, much of the information in such sparse datasets may be considered irrelevant for making individual recommendations. As a result, there is a demand for a way to make personalized suggestions from large amounts of noisy data.
Current recommender systems are usually all-in-one applications that provide one type of recommendation. Their inflexible architectures prevent detailed examination of recommendation accuracy and its causes. We introduce a novel architecture model that supports scalable, distributed suggestions from multiple independent nodes. Our model consists of two components, the input matrix generation algorithm and multiple platform-independent combination algorithms. A dedicated input generation component provides the necessary data for combination algorithms, reduces their size, and eliminates redundant data processing. Likewise, simple combination algorithms can produce recommendations from the same input, so we can more easily distinguish between the benefits of a particular combination algorithm and the quality of the data it receives. Such flexible architecture is more conducive for a comprehensive examination of our system.
We believe that a user's future opinion may be inferred from a small amount of data, provided that this data is most relevant. We propose a novel algorithm that generates a more optimal recommender input. Unlike existing approaches, our method sorts the relevant data twice. Doing this is slower, but the quality of the resulting input is considerably better. Furthermore, the modular nature of our approach may improve its performance, especially in the cloud computing context. We implement and validate our proposed model via mathematical modeling, by appealing to statistical theories, and through extensive experiments, data analysis, and empirical studies.
Our empirical study examines the effectiveness of accuracy improvement techniques for collaborative filtering recommender systems. We evaluate our proposed architecture model on the Netflix dataset, a popular (over 130,000 solutions), large (over 100,000,000 records), and extremely sparse (1.1%) collection of movie ratings. The results show that combination algorithm tuning has little effect on recommendation accuracy. However, all algorithms produce better results when supplied with a more relevant input. Our input generation algorithm is the reason for a considerable accuracy improvement.

/pdf/a-distributed-architecture-centric-approach-to-computing-31zmh6iinx.pdf

A distributed, architecture-centric approach to computing accurate recommendations from very large and sparse datasets

Trabajo presentado en el 39th CIESM Congress, celebrado en Venecia, Italia, del 10 al 14 de mayo de 2010

/pdf/biodiversity-of-the-mediterranean-sea-estimates-patterns-and-2mjs6mi5cx.pdf

Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns and threats

In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs remain difficult to predict and under debate1, 2. MPAs often fail to reach their full potential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detrimental harvesting, or emigration of animals outside boundaries because of continuous habitat or inadequate size of reserve3, 4, 5. Here we show that the conservation benefits of 87 MPAs investigated worldwide increase exponentially with the accumulation of five key features: no take, well enforced, old (>10 years), large (>100 km2), and isolated by deep water or sand. Using effective MPAs with four or five key features as an unfished standard, comparisons of underwater survey data from effective MPAs with predictions based on survey data from fished coasts indicate that total fish biomass has declined about two-thirds from historical baselines as a result of fishing. Effective MPAs also had twice as many large (>250 mm total length) fish species per transect, five times more large fish biomass, and fourteen times more shark biomass than fished areas. Most (59%) of the MPAs studied had only one or two key features and were not ecologically distinguishable from fished sites. Our results show that global conservation targets based on area alone will not optimize protection of marine biodiversity. More emphasis is needed on better MPA design, durable management and compliance to ensure that MPAs achieve their desired conservation value.

/pdf/global-conservation-outcomes-depend-on-marine-protected-2bjbqmu98v.pdf

Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features

The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet—undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibraltar and the adjacent Alboran Sea), western African coast, the Adriatic, and the Aegean Sea, which show high concentrations of endangered, threatened, or vulnerable species. The Levantine Basin, severely impacted by the invasion of species, is endangered as well.

This abstract has been translated to other languages (File S1).

/pdf/the-biodiversity-of-the-mediterranean-sea-estimates-patterns-38y4s7jond.pdf

The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats

The inconspicuous hydrozoan Clytia hummelincki, first recorded from the Mediterranean Sea in 1996, is presently widespread throughout the middle Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Two surveys carried out in 2003 and 2004 along the coast of the Salento Peninsula, Italy, showed that this species inhabits a belt between 0.5 and 2 m depth in sea urchin barrens and in areas damaged by date mussel fisheries. The comparison between the two surveys indicates that the frequency of the alien increased from 2003 to 2004. The life cycle of C. hummelincki is described for the first time.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0025315408001975

Clytia hummelincki (Hydroidomedusae: Leptomedusae) in the Mediterranean Sea

SUMMARY: The behavioural patterns of 26 species of Antho- and Leptomedusae (with or without medusa stage) were investigated by video recordings. The analysed activities were: answers to mechanical stimuli, prey capture and ingestion, digestion, egestion, and swimming. The quantity of behavioural patterns identified in the small number of hydrozoan diversity studied so far is sufficient to demonstrate that these supposedly “simple” animals have evolved a complex array of responses to both external and internal stimuli.

/pdf/approaches-to-the-ethology-of-hydroids-and-medusae-cnidaria-9u372m17kw.pdf

Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)*

Desertification of Mediterranean rocky reefs caused by date-mussel, Lithophaga lithophaga (Mollusca: Bivalvia), fishery: effects on adult and juvenile abundance of a temperate fish.

. The vertical zonation of the hydroid fauna associated with Posidonia oceanica leaves in three different localities of the central Mediterranean reveals the presence of two distinct communities. This depth-related zonation shows patterns that are independent on the geographic area.

The Zonation of Epiphytic Hydroids on the Leaves of Some Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE Beds in the Central Mediterranean

A new genus and species of hydroid, Zanclella bryozoophila, symbiotic with bryozoans is described. The colony is polymorphic and highly integrated with its bryozoan host. The gastrozooids have one or, rarely, two tentacles; dactylozooids are without tentacles. The medusa stage is reduced to liberable eumedusoids produced on the hydrorhiza, and has exumbrellar nematocyst chambers. The cnidome of both stages consists of stenoteles and macrobasic euryteles. General morphology and cnidome structure place this newly described form in the Zancleidae. A new genus is recognized on the basis of polymorphism of the hydroid and reduction of the medusa stage. The association with the bryozoan is described as commensal. Hydranths appear to feed on particles gathered by ciliary action of the bryozoan lophophore, and the hydrorhiza is surrounded by the bryozoan skeleton. The advantage of this relationship to the bryozoan is believed to be protection, effected by the nematocysts of the hydroid.

Ferdinando Boero

Papers

Clytia hummelincki (Hydroidomedusae: Leptomedusae) in the Mediterranean Sea

Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)*

Desertification of Mediterranean rocky reefs caused by date-mussel, Lithophaga lithophaga (Mollusca: Bivalvia), fishery: effects on adult and juvenile abundance of a temperate fish.

The Zonation of Epiphytic Hydroids on the Leaves of Some Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE Beds in the Central Mediterranean

A hydrozoan, Zanclella bryozoophila n.gen., n.sp. (Zancleidae), symbiotic with a bryozoan, with a discussion of the Zancleoidea