There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The analysis of medical images has been woven into the fabric of the pattern analysis and machine intelligence (PAMI) community since the earliest days of these Transactions. Initially, the efforts in this area were seen as applying pattern analysis and computer vision techniques to another interesting dataset. However, over the last two to three decades, the unique nature of the problems presented within this area of study have led to the development of a new discipline in its own right. Examples of these include: the types of image information that are acquired, the fully three-dimensional image data, the nonrigid nature of object motion and deformation, and the statistical variation of both the underlying normal and abnormal ground truth. In this paper, we look at progress in the field over the last 20 years and suggest some of the challenges that remain for the years to come.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00615100/document

Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead

The Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines on the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm

https://www.lfb.lv/files/ESVS-AAA-guidelines.pdf

Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms clinical practice guidelines of the European society for vascular surgery.

Magnetic resonance elastography: Non-invasive mapping of tissue elasticity

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(02)75348-2/pdf

Prediction of rupture risk in abdominal aortic aneurysm during observation: Wall stress versus diameter

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(02)00098-8/pdf

In vivo analysis of mechanical wall stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture risk.

Objective A quantitative analysis of intraoperative cortical shift and deformation was performed to gain a better understanding of the nature and extent of this problem and the resultant loss of spatial accuracy in surgical procedures coregistered to preoperative imaging studies. Methods Three-dimensional feature tracking and two-dimensional image analysis of the cortical surface were used to quantify the observed motion. Data acquisition was facilitated by a ceiling-mounted robotic platform, which provided a number of precision tracking capabilities. The patient's head position and the size and orientation of the craniotomy were recorded at the start of surgery. Error analysis demonstrated that the surface displacement measuring methodology was accurate to 1 to 2 mm. Statistical tests were performed to examine correlations between the amount of displacement and the type of surgery, the nature of the cranial opening, the region of the brain involved, the duration of surgery, and the degree of invasiveness. Results The results showed that a displacement of an average of 1 cm occurred, with the dominant directional component being associated with gravity. The mean displacement was determined to be independent of the size and orientation of the cranial opening. Conclusion These data suggest that loss of spatial registration with preoperative images is gravity-dominated and of sufficient extent that attention to errors resulting from misregistration during the course of surgery is warranted.

Intraoperative brain shift and deformation: a quantitative analysis of cortical displacement in 28 cases.

The surface temperature rise for a semi-infinite body due to different moving heat sources is analyzed for the entire range of Peclet number using a Green's function method. Analytical and approximate solutions of maximum and average surface temperatures are obtained for the cases of square uniform, circular uniform, and parabolic heat sources. Considering the heat partition between the two contacting bodies, solutions of interface flash temperature are presented for the general sliding contact case as well as for the case of sliding contact between two moving asperities

Maximum and Average Flash Temperatures in Sliding Contacts

Series Preface. Preface. Part I: General Considerations. 1 Tribology - Friction, Wear, and Lubrication. 2 Lubricants and Lubrication. 3 Surface Texture and Interactions. 4 Bearing Materials. Part II: Fluid-Film Bearings. 5 Fundamentals of Viscous Flow. 6 Reynolds Equation and Applications. 7 Thrust Bearings. 8 Journal Bearings. 9 Squeeze-Film Bearings. 10 Hydrostatic Bearings. 11 Gas Bearings. 12 Dry and Starved Bearings. Part III: Rolling Element Bearings. 13 Selecting Bearing Type and Size. 14 Principles and Operating Limits. 15 Friction, Wear and Lubrication. Part IV: Seals and Monitoring. 16 Seal Fundamentals. 17 Condition Monitoring and Failure Analysis. Appendix A Unit Conversion Factors. Appendix B Viscosity Conversions. Index.

Francis E. Kennedy

Papers

Prediction of rupture risk in abdominal aortic aneurysm during observation: Wall stress versus diameter

In vivo analysis of mechanical wall stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture risk.

Intraoperative brain shift and deformation: a quantitative analysis of cortical displacement in 28 cases.

Maximum and Average Flash Temperatures in Sliding Contacts

Applied Tribology: Bearing Design and Lubrication