In the Hamadryas baboon, males are substantially larger than females. A troop of baboons is subdivided into a number of ‘one-male groups’, consisting of one adult male and one or more females with their young. The male prevents any of ‘his’ females from moving too far from him. Kummer (1971) performed the following experiment. Two males, A and B, previously unknown to each other, were placed in a large enclosure. Male A was free to move about the enclosure, but male B was shut in a small cage, from which he could observe A but not interfere. A female, unknown to both males, was then placed in the enclosure. Within 20 minutes male A had persuaded the female to accept his ownership. Male B was then released into the open enclosure. Instead of challenging male A , B avoided any contact, accepting A’s ownership.

Evolution and the Theory of Games

1. Clarification: The 2013 Guidelines make a distinction between euthanasia, humane killing, and slaughter, and state that neither slaughter nor humane killing is covered in the document P.68, S6.1.1. Not included among the definitions of these terms are ending the lives of healthy animals or scientific collection of animals. For clarification, whatever the term used, classification of the method, or reason given for killing animals: euthanasia, humane killing, slaughter, harvest, depopulation, scientific collection, or research-related, the Council on Accreditation’s foremost concern, in all situations, is with humane technique. The goal of humane technique is to minimize pain, distress, and the negative effect to the animal. The technique employed should result in rapid loss of consciousness followed by cardiac or respiratory arrest and, ultimately, a loss of brain function. Although complete absence of pain and distress is preferred, it is understood that it cannot always be achieved P7.13.2.

https://works.bepress.com/cheryl_greenacre/14/download/

AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition

Observing Interaction: An Introduction to Sequential Analysis, Roger Bakeman, John M. Gottman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986), ixv, +221. Price £25.00 hardback, £7.95 paperback

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of lifelong disabilities that affect people's ability to communicate and to understand social cues. Research into applying robots as therapy tools has shown that robots seem to improve engagement and elicit novel social behaviors from people (particularly children and teenagers) with autism. Robot therapy for autism has been explored as one of the first application domains in the field of socially assistive robotics (SAR), which aims to develop robots that assist people with special needs through social interactions. In this review, we discuss the past decade's work in SAR systems designed for autism therapy by analyzing robot design decisions, human-robot interactions, and system evaluations. We conclude by discussing challenges and future trends for this young but rapidly developing research area.

/pdf/robots-for-use-in-autism-research-1tvjb154dq.pdf

Robots for Use in Autism Research

https://www.esf.edu/EFB/faculty/documents/Forkmanetal2007reviewoffeartestsinanimals_000.pdf

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

The present study quantitatively evaluated the effects of interaction with dogs on children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), disorders characterized by lack of social communications and abilities. While interacting with a therapist, children were exposed to three different conditions: (a) a nonsocial toy (ball), (b) a stuffed dog, and (c) a live dog. Prosocial and nonsocial interactions were evaluated in terms of both behavioral and verbal dimensions. Results show that children exhibited a more playful mood, were more focused, and were more aware of their social environments when in the presence of a therapy dog. These findings indicate that interaction with dogs may have specific benefits for this population and suggest that animal-assisted therapy (AAT) may be an appropriate forrm of therapy

Animal-assisted therapy for children with pervasive developmental disorders.

Interpreting the behaviour of calves in an open-field test: a factor analysis

Objective To identify factors influencing satisfaction with procedures for small animal euthanasia and to compare the relative importance of those factors among clients, staff, and students at a veterinary teaching hospital. Design Survey. Sample population 18 nonclinical hospital staff members, 13 clinical staff members, 10 veterinary technicians, 19 veterinary students, and 91 clients. Procedure Participants were asked to complete a survey that was designed to assess satisfaction with various aspects of the euthanasia procedure. Results Overall response rate was 48% (151/313). Respondents most strongly agreed with the statements that clients should have the option to be present, that having a private place was important, and that employees should be trained to attend to the emotional needs of the client. When asked to place factors in order of importance, those that were ranked the highest included compassionate and caring attitudes of the hospital employees, the option for the client to be present during the euthanasia, and the client being informed and well prepared. Conclusions and clinical relevance Overall, all groups (nonclinical staff, clinical staff, veterinary technicians, veterinary students, and clients) identified the same factors as being important in the euthanasia of a pet. Results may help facilitate healthy euthanasia experiences.

Factors associated with client, staff, and student satisfaction regarding small animal euthanasia procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital.

The role of hen's weight and recent experience on dyadic conflict outcome.

Rationale for the study: The Human-Animal Bond (HAB) is a construct that has received increased attention in the field of veterinary medicine. However, it remains unclear how important the HAB is to veterinary students and how it may be related to their career choice. Methodology: Questionnaires were administered to 146 veterinary students. A variety of variables was assessed, including sex, year of study, career choice, surgery track, and “farm” versus “city” upbringings. Results and conclusions: Overall, students consider the HAB to be an important and valuable construct, one that was influential in their decision to become veterinarians. However, the HAB’s importance seems to decrease as students progress in school. Also, students aspiring to food animal careers seem to attach less value to some aspects of the HAB. Females attached more importance to the role HAB plays in their lives than did males; those on “alternative” surgery track assigned more significance to the role of the HAB in veterinary med...

François Martin

Papers

Animal-assisted therapy for children with pervasive developmental disorders.

Interpreting the behaviour of calves in an open-field test: a factor analysis

Factors associated with client, staff, and student satisfaction regarding small animal euthanasia procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital.

The role of hen's weight and recent experience on dyadic conflict outcome.

Importance of the Human-Animal Bond for Pre-Veterinary, First-Year, and Fourth-Year Veterinary Students in Relation to Their Career Choice