The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison

Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations

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The dynamic behavior of a VLSI circuit can be described by a system of differential-algebraic equations. When some circuit elements are affected by process variations, the dynamic behavior of the circuit will deviate from its nominal trajectory. Monte-Carlo-type random sampling methods are widely used to estimate the trajectory deviation. However they can be quite time-consuming when the dimension of the parameter space is large. This paper offers an alternative solution by casting the problem into the theoretic frame work of non-linear non-Gaussian filtering. To estimate the mean and variance of the time-dependent circuit trajectory, we develop a method based on unscented transformation, which is an efficient Bayesian analysis sampling technique. Theoretically the method has linear runtime complexity. Experimental results show that compared to traditional Monte-Carlo methods, the new method can achieve over 10times speedup with less than 2% error.

An efficient method for statistical circuit simulation

Augmented reality devices are opening up a new design space for immersive visualizations. 3D spatial content can be overlaid onto existing physical visualizations for new insights into the data. We present Coordinate, a collaborative analysis tool for augmented reality visualizations of map-based data designed for mobile devices. Coordinate leverages a spreadsheet-programmable web interface paired with a contemporary augmented reality infrastructure for an easy-to-use tool that can provide spatial information to multiple users. It also offers an immersive visualization experience that seeks to enrich presentations for business, educational, and scientific discussions.

Coordinate: A Spreadsheet-Programmable Augmented Reality Framework for Immersive Map-Based Visualizations

In this paper, we briefly discuss the recent development of a novel sparse regression technique that aims to accurately decompose process variation into two different components: (1) spatially correlated variation, and (2) uncorrelated random variation. Such variation decomposition is important to identify systematic variation patterns at wafer and/or chip level for process modeling, control and diagnosis. We demonstrate that the spatially correlated variation can be accurately represented by the linear combination of a small number of “templates”. Based upon this observation, an efficient algorithm is developed to accurately separate spatially correlated variation from uncorrelated random variation. Several examples based on silicon measurement data demonstrate that the aforementioned sparse regression technique can capture systematic variation patterns with high accuracy.

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Spatial variation decomposition via sparse regression

Variabilities in metal interconnect structures can affect circuit timing performance or even cause function failure in VLSI designs. This paper proposes a method to estimate the difference between the nominal and perturbed circuit waveforms by calculating the moments in frequency-domain via efficient iterative method. The algorithm can be used to accurately reproduce the differential waveforms, or to provide efficient early estimates on the timing impact of the variabilities for RC networks.

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A practical method to estimate interconnect responses to variabilities

Jointly sponsored by IEEE and ACM, ICCAD is the premier forum to explore emerging technology challenges, present cutting-edge R&D solutions, record theoretical and empirical advances, and identify future roadmaps for design automation and other system-on-chip research areas.

Frank Liu

Papers

An efficient method for statistical circuit simulation

Coordinate: A Spreadsheet-Programmable Augmented Reality Framework for Immersive Map-Based Visualizations

Spatial variation decomposition via sparse regression

A practical method to estimate interconnect responses to variabilities

Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design