Silicon and carbon may be looked upon as the two fundamental antipodes with respect to the naturally occurring forms of matter and life on earth: Silicon plays the key role in the “petrification” of inanimate matter, while carbon is the representative element for the “incarnation” of living organisms. If a scientist were to search for a highly efficient method of uniting inorganic and organic matter, he would, at a very early stage of attempting to solve this problem, combine these two natural principles of matter and think of “bireactive” molecules containing a silicon functionality for bonding to inorganic material on the one hand and a carbon functionality for anchoring to an organic counterpart on the other. The title compounds and their derivatives epitomize such molecules: they are wanderers between both (chemical) worlds. Owing to their bifunctionality they are capable of binding to inorganic (especially siliceous) systems as well as to organic polymers. Whether their commercial application concerns the strengthening of polyester resins with glass fibers for use in boatbuilding or the incorporation of silica as a filler in rubber mixtures for the manufacture of wear-resistant tires or even the immobilization of enzymes on glass spheres for carrying out reactions in enzyme reactors—in all cases organofunctionalized silanes guarantee a reliable and permanent union between two otherwise “incompatible” material systems.

3‐Chloropropyltrialkoxysilanes—Key Intermediates for the Commercial Production of Organofunctionalized Silanes and Polysiloxanes

The flow rates through the individual compartments of the sorbent bed of a simulated moving bed are controlled in accordance with time variable functions in each step to maintain an improved steady state waveform for the process.

Time variable simulated moving bed process

A method and device for the filtration and/or purification of fluids water or other solutions containing microbiological contaminants, such as fluids containing including bacteria and/or viruses, where the fluid water is passed through a purification material composed of apatite and absorption media in a fixed binder matrix.

Microbiological water filter

Die Elemente Silicium und Kohlenstoff konnen als Reprasentanten von Materie und Leben auf dieser Erde betrachtet werden: Silicium spielt die Schlusselrolle bei der „Petrikation” unbelebter Materie, wahrend Kohlenstoff die Grundlage fur die „Inkarnation” lebender Organismen bildet. Die Titelverbindungen und ihre Derivate sind Wanderer zwischen beiden (chemischen) Welten: Infolge ihrer Difunktionalitat sind sie imstande, sich sowohl mit anorganischen (insbesondere silicatischen) Oberflachen als auch mit organischen Polymeren chemisch zu verbinden. Ob es sich nun um die Verstarkung von Polyesterharzen mit Glasfasern fur den Bau von Bootskorpern handelt, oder um den Einsatz von Kieselsaure als Fullstoff in Kautschukmischungen zur Herstellung besonders abriebfester Reifen, oder aber um die Immobilisierung von Enzymen auf Glaskugeln zur Vereinfachung der Reaktionsfuhrung in Enzymreaktoren – in allen Fallen gewahrleisten organofunktionalisierte Silane den sicheren und dauerhaften Verbund zwischen zwei sonst miteinander „unvertraglichen„ Stoffsystemen.

3-Chlorporpyltrialkoxysilane – Schlüsselbausteine für die industrielle Herstellung organofunktionalisierter Silane und Polysiloxane sowie moderner Verbundmaterialien

This invention relates generally to composite materials (3) and to devices which may alter fluid parameters. Devices incorporating the composite materials of the invention are used to deliver, remove, and generate, fluid treatment agents, and combinations thereof. These materials and devices are applicable to many different fluid processing situations including drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, emission treatment, pollution cleanup, and sensing fluid composition. In its more particular aspects, the invention relates to the field of composites that may be widely tailored for many different treatment applications. The invention can include a housing (4) and treatment agent reservoir (5).

Composite materials for fluid treatment

The invention concerns a counter-current adsorption filter for the treatment of liquids, with different adsorbents which require different regenerating agents, in which loading of the different adsorbents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing upwards and regeneration of the different loaded adsorbents with the different regenerating agents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing downwards, the inside of which filter is subdivided, by horizontal devices which are permeable to liquid, into a number of chambers corresponding to the number of different adsorbents to be used; in which the adsorbents which are regenerated with different regenerating agents are present in adjacent chambers; the chambers--with the exception of the topmost chamber of the filter--are equipped with a liquid drainage system which is located below the device which is permeable to liquid and forms the upper boundary of the chamber, and which is embedded in a layer of inert material; and in which the individual chambers are filled with a certain amount of adsorbent. The invention furthermore concerns a process for the operation of this letter.

Counter-current adsorption filters for the treatment of liquids and a method of operating the filter

Upward-flow process for treating liquids in ion exchange filters containing cation exchangers and anion exchangers in separate layers arranged one on top of the other, in which the cation and anion exchangers are separated from one another by a resin layer which does not participate in the ion exchange, the anion exchanger is regenerated externally and the cation exchanger, which remains in the filter, is regenerated in the counter-current and the anion exchanger is removed from and recycled to the filter without whirling up the separating layer and cation exchanger layer. The invention furthermore relates to a new counter-current ion exchange filter for carrying out the process.

Process and device for treating liquids with cation exchangers and anion exchanges

Ion exchangers and adsorbers – versatile aids in the chemical industry. Ion exchangers and adsorbers are nowadays available in such a wide range of universally applicable or specialist products that they are widely used in industrial chemistry. New applications are discovered each year. Hence their originally predominant use in water treatment has meanwhile been extended and diversified by numerous further applications.

Ionenaustauscher und Adsorber — vielseitige Hilfsmittel der chemischen Industrie

Catalyst resins for the catalytic reduction of oxygen in aqueous media, the preparation of the catalyst resins, and new catalyst resins A b s t r a c t The invention relates to the use of macroporous weakly-basic anion exchangers, charged with palladium or platinum and based on crosslinked polystyrene, as catalysts for the removal of oxygen from aqueous media by catalytic reduction, a process for the preparation of these cata-lyst resins, and new macroporous weakly-basic anion exchangers, charged with palladium or platinum and based on crosslinked polystyrene, in which the amino groups are primary or secondary amino groups.

Catalyst resins for the catalytic reduction of oxygen in aqueous media, the preparation of the catalyst resins, and new catalyst resins

The invention relate to a process for reducing the wash water required by weakly basic anion exchangers containing primary and/or secondary amino groups when fed with water containing carbon dioxide; in accordance with the process the exhausted, weakly basic anion exchangers are treated with dilute aqueous mineral acids before being regenerated.

Friedrich Martinola

Papers

Counter-current adsorption filters for the treatment of liquids and a method of operating the filter

Process and device for treating liquids with cation exchangers and anion exchanges

Ionenaustauscher und Adsorber — vielseitige Hilfsmittel der chemischen Industrie

Catalyst resins for the catalytic reduction of oxygen in aqueous media, the preparation of the catalyst resins, and new catalyst resins

Process for reducing the wash water requirement of weakly basic anion exchangers