The authors report the observation of very-high-order odd harmonics of Nd:YAG laser radiation in rare gases at an intensity of about 1013 W cm-2. Harmonic light as high as the 33rd harmonic in the XUV range (32.2 nm) is generated in argon. The key point is that the harmonic intensity falls slowly beyond the fifth harmonic as the order increases. Finally, a UV continuum, beginning at 350 nm and extending down towards the short wavelength region is apparent in xenon.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/21/3/001/pdf

Multiple-harmonic conversion of 1064 nm radiation in rare gases

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy permits vibrational imaging with high-sensitivity, high speed, and three-dimensional spatial resolution. We review recent advances in CARS microscopy, including experimental design, theoretical understanding of contrast mechanisms, and applications to chemical and biological systems. We also review the development of multiplex CARS microspectroscopy, which allows high-speed characterization of microscopic samples, and CARS correlation spectroscopy, which probes fast diffusion dynamics with vibrational selectivity.

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy: Instrumentation, Theory, and Applications

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a relatively new kind of Raman spectroscopy which is based on a nonlinear conversion of two laser beams into a coherent, laser-like Raman beam of high intensity in the anti-Stokes region. The emission is often many orders of magnitude greater than normal Raman scattering and, because of the coherent and anti-Stokes character of radiation, the method is very useful for obtaining Raman spectra of fluorescing samples, gases in discharges, plasmas, combustion, atmospheric chemistry. In this paper we outline the basic theory behind CARS and describe its unusual effects and drawbacks. We review the research to date on various materials, and indicate the possible future direction, utility and applications of CARS such as surface studies, fluctuation phenomena, reaction dynamics, photochemistry, kinetics, relaxation, and energy transfer.

A review of the theory and application of coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)

https://www.czl.ru/netcat_files/userfiles/KARS.pdf

Laser-scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy and applications to cell biology.

Stretched-pulse additive pulse mode-locking uses segments of fiber of large positive and large negative group velocity dispersion (GVD) in the cavity The changes in pulse width per pass due to the varying GVD can be an order of magnitude or more A theory is developed based on the master equation that covers this case of large pulse changes in one transit The general predictions of the theory are verified by experimental results >

Stretched-pulse additive pulse mode-locking in fiber ring lasers: theory and experiment

A theoretical analysis of third-order nonlinear interactions of focused laser beams is performed for the processes \omega_{1} + \omega_{2} + \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4}, \omega_{1} + \omega_{2} - \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4} , and \omega_{1} - \omega_{2} - \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4} . The total power and far-field beam profile of the generated radiation is related to the total powers of the fundamental beams, to the tightness and location of the focus, and to the value of the difference between the wave vectors of the generated radiation and driving polarization. The optimum degree of wave-vector mismatch as a function of tightness and location of focus is determined for each of the three processes. The process \omega_{1} + \omega_{2} - \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4} is found to be unique in that it is always optimized by focusing as tightly as possible. Experimental results, which verify the theory for the processes \omega_{1} + \omega_{2} + \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4} and \omega_{1} + \omega_{2} - \omega_{3} \rightarrow \omega_{4} , are presented.

Effects of focusing on third-order nonlinear processes in isotropic media

A new optical technique for servo tuning and stabilization of angle tuned nonlinear optical crystals is described. This technique has zero insertion loss and works equally well with collimated, focused, or noncollinear fundamental beams. Servo tuning of a Type I KDP nonlinear crystal for summing the output of a tunable dye laser with the Nd:YAG second harmonic and servo stabilization of the production of the Nd:YAG fourth harmonic in Type I KDP are demonstrated.

G. Bjorklund

Papers

Effects of focusing on third-order nonlinear processes in isotropic media

Servo tuning and stabilization of nonlinear optical crystals