India is predominantly an agricultural country with about 70% of her population dependent on income from agriculture. Although India accounts for a significant share of world's livestock resources, livestock production is greatly affected by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs). Therefore, India represents a particularly interesting scenario for the study of TTBDs. Herein, we review the problems and opportunities for the integrated control of ticks of ruminants with special emphasis on livestock farming systems in India. Developments discussed in the review in the area of tick vaccines and other tick control measures should have an impact on the future of Indian livestock production.

Control of ticks of ruminants, with special emphasis on livestock farming systems in India: present and future possibilities for integrated control--a review.

Microbe-vector interactions in vector-borne diseases.

Upcoming of the integrated tick control program of ruminants with special emphasis on livestock farming system in India

A review on Hyalomma species infestations on human and animals and progress on management strategies.

http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/857/Researches/58428_28632.pdf

Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a functional GSTmu class from the cattle tick Boophilus annulatus.

Extracts prepared from unfed larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using anti-gut IgG as ligand. Affinity purified antigen (Aff-GHLAg) was used to immunize cross-bred (Bos taurus × B. indicus) calves of 6–7 months of age. Immunized calves rejected 70.6% larvae, 54.5% nymphs and 61.9% adults. No significant changes in the engorged weight of females was observed; however, significant decrease in the engorgement weight of larvae and nymphs was recorded. There was a significant decrease in the emerging nymphs (p < 0.05) and adults (p < 0.01) of the tick stages fed on immunized animals. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed three antigenic proteins of 100, 59.4 and 37 kDa responsible for induction of resistance in the host.

G. Das

Papers

Immunization of cross-bred cattle against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum by purified antigens