Petroleum resources are finite and, therefore, search for their alternative non-petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines is continuing all over the world. Moreover gases emitted by petroleum fuel driven vehicles have an adverse effect on the environment and human health. There is universal acceptance of the need to reduce such emissions. Towards this, scientists have proposed various solutions for diesel engines, one of which is the use of gaseous fuels as a supplement for liquid diesel fuel. These engines, which use conventional diesel fuel and gaseous fuel, are referred to as ‘dual-fuel engines’. Natural gas and bio-derived gas appear more attractive alternative fuels for dual-fuel engines in view of their friendly environmental nature. In the gas-fumigated dual-fuel engine, the primary fuel is mixed outside the cylinder before it is inducted into the cylinder. A pilot quantity of liquid fuel is injected towards the end of the compression stroke to initiate combustion. When considering a gaseous fuel for use in existing diesel engines, a number of issues which include, the effects of engine operating and design parameters, and type of gaseous fuel, on the performance of the dual-fuel engines, are important. This paper reviews the research on above issues carried out by various scientists in different diesel engines. This paper touches upon performance, combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engines which use natural gas, biogas, producer gas, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, etc. as gaseous fuel. It reveals that ‘dual-fuel concept’ is a promising technique for controlling both NOx and soot emissions even on existing diesel engine. But, HC, CO emissions and ‘bsfc’ are higher for part load gas diesel engine operations. Thermal efficiency of dual-fuel engines improve either with increased engine speed, or with advanced injection timings, or with increased amount of pilot fuel. The ignition characteristics of the gaseous fuels need more research for a long-term use in a dual-fuel engine. It is found that, the selection of engine operating and design parameters play a vital role in minimizing the performance divergences between an existing diesel engine and a ‘gas diesel engine’.

Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines—A critical review

Knocking combustion in spark-ignition engines

A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance

Emission characteristics of high speed, dual fuel, compression ignition engine operating in a wide range of natural gas/diesel fuel proportions

Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation

Effect of injection timing on the performance of a dual fuel engine

Effect of pilot fuel quantity on the performance of a dual fuel engine

Computer simulation of a four stroke spark ignition engine

Combustion quasi-two zone predictive model for dual fuel engines

This paper introduces the preliminary simulation of a four stroke spark ignition engine. An arbitrary heat release formula was used to predict the cylinder pressure, which was used to find the indicated work done. The heat transfer from the cylinder, friction and pumping losses also were taken into account to predict the brake mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Most of the parameters that can affect the performance of four stroke spark ignition engines, such as equivalence ratio, spark timing, heat release rate, compression ratio, compression index and expansion index are studied. The use of a real combustion curve has a profound influence on the similarity of the pressure–volume profile to that seen for the real engine. The modeling process is obviously getting closer to reality and is now worth pursuing as a design aid.

Computer Simulation of a Four-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

G. H. Abd Alla

Papers

Effect of injection timing on the performance of a dual fuel engine

Effect of pilot fuel quantity on the performance of a dual fuel engine

Computer simulation of a four stroke spark ignition engine

Combustion quasi-two zone predictive model for dual fuel engines

Computer Simulation of a Four-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine