Some aspects of preparation methods and properties of polyaniline blends and composites with organic polymers

Preparation and characterization of polyaniline nanoparticles synthesized from DBSA micellar solution

IEMN, Cite Scientifique, Avenue Poincare – BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; E-mail: claude.dufour@IEMN.Univ-Lille1.fr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vladan.koncar@ensait.fr Received: 13 March 2007 / Accepted: 17 April 2007 / Published: 18 April 2007 Abstract : The aim of this work is to develop a smart flexible sensor adapted to textile structures, able to measure their strain deformations. The sensors are “smart” because of their capacity to adapt to the specific mechanical properties of textile structures that are lightweight, highly flexible, stretchable, elastic, etc. Because of these properties, textile structures are continuously in movement and easily deformed, even under very low stresses. It is therefore important that the integration of a sensor does not modify their general behavior. The material used for the sensor is based on a thermoplastic elastomer (Evoprene)/carbon black nanoparticle composite, and presents general mechanical properties strongly compatible with the textile substrate. Two preparation techniques are investigated: the conventional melt-mixing process, and the solvent process which is found to be more adapted for this particular application. The preparation procedure is fully described, namely the optimization of the process in terms of filler concentration in which the percolation theory aspects have to be considered. The sensor is then integrated on a thin, lightweight Nylon fabric, and the electromechanical characterization is performed to demonstrate the adaptability and the correct functioning of the sensor as a strain gauge on the fabric. A normalized relative resistance is defined in order to characterize the electrical response of the sensor. Finally, the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature and atmospheric humidity, on the sensor performance is investigated. The results show that the sensor’s electrical resistance is particularly affected by humidity. This behavior is discussed in terms of the sensitivity of the carbon black filler particles to the presence of water.

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Design and Development of a Flexible Strain Sensor for Textile Structures Based on a Conductive Polymer Composite

Tuning the Properties of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes through Surfactant Complexation

Effects of highly crystalline and conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composites on the corrosion protection performance of a zinc-rich epoxy coating

In the present study, a conductive polyaniline-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) complex, prepared by a thermal doping process, and its blends with thermoplastic polymers, prepared by melt processing, were investigated. PANI- DBSA characterization included conductivity measurements, morphology, crystallogra- phy, and thermal behavior. The blends' investigation focused on the morphology and the interaction between the components and on the resulting electrical conductivity. The level of interaction between the PANI and the matrix polymer determines the blend morphology and, thus, its electrical conductivity. Similar solubility parameters of the two polymeric components are necessary for a high level of PANI dispersion within the matrix polymer and, thus, enable the formation of conducting paths at low PANI content. The morphology of these blends is described by a two-structure hier- archy: (a) a primary structure, composed of small dispersed polyaniline particles, and (b) a short-range fine fibrillar structure, interconnecting the dispersed particles. q 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 243-253, 1997

Conductive Blends of Thermally Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline with Thermoplastic Polymers

Polymerization of aniline in the presence of DBSA in an aqueous dispersion

Polyaniline–DBSA/polymer blends prepared via aqueous dispersions

Polyaniline synthesis: influence of powder morphology on conductivity of solution cast blends with polystyrene

To attain an intrinsically conductive and processible polymer, polyaniline (PANI)/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) blends of several compositions were processed at various elevated temperatures in a Brabender plastograph. The blends' temperatures during processing, as affected by the blends' composition and initial process temperature, were monitored. Accordingly, the process includes the following main stages: heating the blend, exothermic PANI-DBSA doping reaction accompanied by a paste to a solidlike transition, and plasticization of the resulting PANI/DBSA complex by the excess DBSA. Composition analysis of the process products sampled at the various stages showed that the initial blends, prior to their thermal processing, already consisted of partially doped PANI particles, having a core/shell structure; the core consists of PANIbase and the shell of PANI(DBSA)0.32 complex. In addition, at the paste-to-solidlike transition, the doping reaction is completed; further mixing does not affect the complex composition, but results in conductivity reduction. The morphology of the blends sampled at the various processing stages was studied by electron microscopy. From the conductivity and processibility point of view, optimal PANI/DBSA blend composition and processing temperature were identified. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 2199–2208, 1997

G. I. Titelman

Papers

Conductive Blends of Thermally Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline with Thermoplastic Polymers

Polymerization of aniline in the presence of DBSA in an aqueous dispersion

Polyaniline–DBSA/polymer blends prepared via aqueous dispersions

Polyaniline synthesis: influence of powder morphology on conductivity of solution cast blends with polystyrene

Thermal dynamic processing of polyaniline with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid